Triple
T18481906
| Position | Surface form | Disambiguated ID | Type / Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| Subject | damped Lyman-alpha system |
E451580
|
entity |
| Predicate | contrastedWith |
P278
|
FINISHED |
| Object | Lyman-limit systems |
—
|
NE NERFINISHED |
How this triple was built (3 steps)
Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.
NER
Named-entity recognition
gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: Lyman-limit systems | Statement: [damped Lyman-alpha system, contrastedWith, Lyman-limit systems]
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Lyman-limit systems Context triple: [damped Lyman-alpha system, contrastedWith, Lyman-limit systems]
-
A.
damped Lyman-alpha systems
Damped Lyman-alpha systems are high-column-density neutral hydrogen gas clouds observed in quasar spectra, serving as key probes of the interstellar medium and chemical evolution of galaxies in the early universe.
-
B.
Lyman-δ
Lyman-δ is the fourth spectral line in the Lyman series of hydrogen, corresponding to an electron transition from the n=5 to the n=1 energy level in the ultraviolet region.
-
C.
Lyman-β
Lyman-β is the second spectral line in the hydrogen Lyman series, corresponding to an electron transition from the fourth to the first energy level and emitting ultraviolet radiation.
-
D.
Eddington limit
The Eddington limit is the maximum luminosity a star or accreting object can have before radiation pressure overcomes gravity and drives away its outer layers.
-
E.
The Stars of High Luminosity
The Stars of High Luminosity is a seminal astrophysics monograph by Cecilia Payne-Gaposchkin that systematically analyzes and classifies very bright stars, helping to shape modern stellar astrophysics.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Lyman-limit systems Target entity description: Lyman-limit systems are quasar absorption-line features characterized by high neutral hydrogen column densities that produce a sharp break at the Lyman limit in the ultraviolet spectrum, but with generally lower column densities than damped Lyman-alpha systems.
-
A.
damped Lyman-alpha systems
Damped Lyman-alpha systems are high-column-density neutral hydrogen gas clouds observed in quasar spectra, serving as key probes of the interstellar medium and chemical evolution of galaxies in the early universe.
-
B.
Lyman-δ
Lyman-δ is the fourth spectral line in the Lyman series of hydrogen, corresponding to an electron transition from the n=5 to the n=1 energy level in the ultraviolet region.
-
C.
Lyman-β
Lyman-β is the second spectral line in the hydrogen Lyman series, corresponding to an electron transition from the fourth to the first energy level and emitting ultraviolet radiation.
-
D.
Eddington limit
The Eddington limit is the maximum luminosity a star or accreting object can have before radiation pressure overcomes gravity and drives away its outer layers.
-
E.
The Stars of High Luminosity
The Stars of High Luminosity is a seminal astrophysics monograph by Cecilia Payne-Gaposchkin that systematically analyzes and classifies very bright stars, helping to shape modern stellar astrophysics.
- F. None of above. chosen
Provenance (2 batches)
The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.
| Step | Stage | Batch ID | Status | When |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| creating | Elicitation | batch_69d8d38465a0819099b9b42d2a662ac1 |
completed | April 10, 2026, 10:40 a.m. |
| NER | Named-entity recognition | batch_69e531d3d13c81909c52d797360b840a |
completed | April 19, 2026, 7:49 p.m. |
Created at: April 10, 2026, 11:35 a.m.