Triple
T18246733
| Position | Surface form | Disambiguated ID | Type / Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| Subject | Thomas A. Chalmers |
E436970
|
entity |
| Predicate | coDiscovered |
P5336
|
FINISHED |
| Object | Szilard–Chalmers effect |
—
|
NE NERFINISHED |
How this triple was built (2 steps)
Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.
NER
Named-entity recognition
gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: Szilard–Chalmers effect | Statement: [Thomas A. Chalmers, coDiscovered, Szilard–Chalmers effect]
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Szilard–Chalmers effect Context triple: [Thomas A. Chalmers, coDiscovered, Szilard–Chalmers effect]
-
A.
Szilard–Chalmers effect
chosen
The Szilard–Chalmers effect is a nuclear chemistry phenomenon in which atoms that undergo neutron capture and become radioactive are chemically separated from their original, non-activated atoms due to recoil-induced disruption of their chemical bonds.
-
B.
Segré–Silberberg effect
The Segré–Silberberg effect is a fluid dynamics phenomenon in which particles suspended in laminar flow through a circular tube migrate to stable equilibrium positions at a characteristic radial distance from the tube wall.
-
C.
Kapitza–Dirac effect
The Kapitza–Dirac effect is a quantum phenomenon in which a beam of particles, such as electrons or atoms, is diffracted by a standing wave of light, demonstrating the wave-particle duality of matter.
-
D.
Cotton–Mouton effect
The Cotton–Mouton effect is a magneto-optical phenomenon in which a transverse magnetic field induces birefringence in an otherwise isotropic medium, causing the polarization of transmitted light to change.
-
E.
Purcell effect
The Purcell effect is a quantum electrodynamics phenomenon in which the spontaneous emission rate of an emitter is enhanced or suppressed by its surrounding electromagnetic environment, such as a resonant cavity.
- F. None of above.
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
Provenance (2 batches)
The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.
| Step | Stage | Batch ID | Status | When |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| creating | Elicitation | batch_69d8b91104e08190a8241f7d260a5162 |
completed | April 10, 2026, 8:47 a.m. |
| NER | Named-entity recognition | batch_69e4f7e7d49c8190b227a13b63615754 |
completed | April 19, 2026, 3:42 p.m. |
Created at: April 10, 2026, 10:33 a.m.