Triple

T18132443
Position Surface form Disambiguated ID Type / Status
Subject William G. Bowen E434046 entity
Predicate notableWork P4 FINISHED
Object Crossing the Finish Line: Completing College at America’s Public Universities NE NERFINISHED

How this triple was built (3 steps)

Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.

NER Named-entity recognition gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: Crossing the Finish Line: Completing College at America’s Public Universities | Statement: [William G. Bowen, notableWork, Crossing the Finish Line: Completing College at America’s Public Universities]
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Crossing the Finish Line: Completing College at America’s Public Universities
Context triple: [William G. Bowen, notableWork, Crossing the Finish Line: Completing College at America’s Public Universities]
  • A. The Higher Learning in America
    The Higher Learning in America is Thorstein Veblen’s influential critique of U.S. universities, examining how business interests and status-seeking distort academic life and scholarship.
  • B. Saving State U: Why We Must Fix Public Higher Education
    "Saving State U: Why We Must Fix Public Higher Education" is a book by economist Nancy Folbre that critiques the underfunding and marketization of public universities in the United States and argues for renewed public investment in higher education as a common good.
  • C. Lower Ed: The Troubling Rise of For-Profit Colleges in the New Economy
    Lower Ed: The Troubling Rise of For-Profit Colleges in the New Economy is a sociological examination of how for-profit colleges exploit economic inequality, racial stratification, and credentialism in the contemporary U.S. higher education system.
  • D. The Capstone of Higher Education
    The Capstone of Higher Education is the official motto of the University of Alabama, expressing its aspiration to represent the pinnacle of academic excellence and leadership in higher education.
  • E. Thoughts on the Present Collegiate System in the United States
    Thoughts on the Present Collegiate System in the United States is a 19th-century educational treatise by Francis Wayland that critiques American college structures and advocates for significant curricular and institutional reforms.
  • F. None of above. chosen
  • G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Crossing the Finish Line: Completing College at America’s Public Universities
Target entity description: "Crossing the Finish Line: Completing College at America’s Public Universities" is a landmark empirical study that analyzes college completion rates and the factors influencing student success at public universities in the United States.
  • A. The Higher Learning in America
    The Higher Learning in America is Thorstein Veblen’s influential critique of U.S. universities, examining how business interests and status-seeking distort academic life and scholarship.
  • B. Saving State U: Why We Must Fix Public Higher Education
    "Saving State U: Why We Must Fix Public Higher Education" is a book by economist Nancy Folbre that critiques the underfunding and marketization of public universities in the United States and argues for renewed public investment in higher education as a common good.
  • C. Lower Ed: The Troubling Rise of For-Profit Colleges in the New Economy
    Lower Ed: The Troubling Rise of For-Profit Colleges in the New Economy is a sociological examination of how for-profit colleges exploit economic inequality, racial stratification, and credentialism in the contemporary U.S. higher education system.
  • D. The Capstone of Higher Education
    The Capstone of Higher Education is the official motto of the University of Alabama, expressing its aspiration to represent the pinnacle of academic excellence and leadership in higher education.
  • E. Thoughts on the Present Collegiate System in the United States
    Thoughts on the Present Collegiate System in the United States is a 19th-century educational treatise by Francis Wayland that critiques American college structures and advocates for significant curricular and institutional reforms.
  • F. None of above. chosen

Provenance (2 batches)

The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.

Step Stage Batch ID Status When
creating Elicitation batch_69d8b909e8cc81908df4cc2b8ea6d11f completed April 10, 2026, 8:47 a.m.
NER Named-entity recognition batch_69e4ddf2c68881909dfbe59df15ddccc completed April 19, 2026, 1:51 p.m.
Created at: April 10, 2026, 10:29 a.m.