Triple
T18044232
| Position | Surface form | Disambiguated ID | Type / Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| Subject | Railroads and American Economic Growth |
E431730
|
entity |
| Predicate | author |
P4
|
FINISHED |
| Object | Robert Fogel |
—
|
NE NERFINISHED |
How this triple was built (2 steps)
Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.
NER
Named-entity recognition
gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: Robert Fogel | Statement: [Railroads and American Economic Growth, author, Robert Fogel]
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Robert Fogel Context triple: [Railroads and American Economic Growth, author, Robert Fogel]
-
A.
Robert Fogel
chosen
Robert Fogel was a Nobel Prize–winning economic historian known for applying quantitative, Chicago School–style economic analysis to historical questions such as the economics of slavery and railroads.
-
B.
Stanley L. Engerman
Stanley L. Engerman was an American economic historian best known for his influential and controversial quantitative studies of slavery and economic development, particularly in collaboration with Robert Fogel.
-
C.
Douglass C. North
Douglass C. North was an American economist and Nobel laureate known for pioneering the field of new institutional economics and analyzing how institutions shape long-term economic development.
-
D.
Deirdre Nansen McCloskey
Deirdre Nansen McCloskey is an American economist, historian, and philosopher known for her influential work on economic rhetoric, bourgeois virtues, and the cultural foundations of modern economic growth.
-
E.
Robert J. Gordon
Robert J. Gordon is an American economist best known for his influential work on inflation, unemployment, and long-run economic growth, particularly his analyses of productivity and the U.S. economy.
- F. None of above.
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
Provenance (2 batches)
The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.
| Step | Stage | Batch ID | Status | When |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| creating | Elicitation | batch_69d8b906482481908183315b9ecf9994 |
completed | April 10, 2026, 8:47 a.m. |
| NER | Named-entity recognition | batch_69e4bff13f488190993445769551c9c2 |
completed | April 19, 2026, 11:43 a.m. |
Created at: April 10, 2026, 10:25 a.m.