Triple
T1780318
| Position | Surface form | Disambiguated ID | Type / Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| Subject | Paul Dirac |
E39274
|
entity |
| Predicate | notableWork |
P4
|
FINISHED |
| Object |
Dirac notation
Dirac notation is a mathematical formalism in quantum mechanics that uses bra–ket symbols to concisely represent quantum states and their inner products.
|
E199881
|
NE FINISHED |
How this triple was built (4 steps)
Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.
NER
Named-entity recognition
gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: Dirac notation | Statement: [Paul Dirac, notableWork, Dirac notation]
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Dirac notation Context triple: [Paul Dirac, notableWork, Dirac notation]
-
A.
Dirac matrices
Dirac matrices are a set of matrices used in relativistic quantum mechanics to represent spin-½ particles and encode the algebra of the Dirac equation.
-
B.
Dirac equation
The Dirac equation is a fundamental relativistic wave equation in quantum mechanics that describes spin-½ particles such as electrons and predicts phenomena like antimatter.
-
C.
Pauli matrices
Pauli matrices are a set of three 2×2 complex Hermitian and unitary matrices that form a basis for the Lie algebra su(2) and are fundamental in describing spin-½ particles in quantum mechanics.
-
D.
Dirac spinors
Dirac spinors are four-component mathematical objects in relativistic quantum mechanics that describe spin-½ particles, such as electrons, incorporating both their spin and particle–antiparticle degrees of freedom.
-
E.
von Neumann measurement scheme
The von Neumann measurement scheme is a foundational formalism in quantum mechanics that models measurements as interactions between a quantum system and an apparatus, leading to probabilistic outcomes and state collapse.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NEDg
Description generation
gpt-5.1
Instruction
Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. # Instructions Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential. # Response Format Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"
Input
Entity: Dirac notation Triple: [Paul Dirac, notableWork, Dirac notation]
Generated description
Dirac notation is a mathematical formalism in quantum mechanics that uses bra–ket symbols to concisely represent quantum states and their inner products.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Dirac notation Target entity description: Dirac notation is a mathematical formalism in quantum mechanics that uses bra–ket symbols to concisely represent quantum states and their inner products.
-
A.
Dirac matrices
Dirac matrices are a set of matrices used in relativistic quantum mechanics to represent spin-½ particles and encode the algebra of the Dirac equation.
-
B.
Dirac equation
The Dirac equation is a fundamental relativistic wave equation in quantum mechanics that describes spin-½ particles such as electrons and predicts phenomena like antimatter.
-
C.
Pauli matrices
Pauli matrices are a set of three 2×2 complex Hermitian and unitary matrices that form a basis for the Lie algebra su(2) and are fundamental in describing spin-½ particles in quantum mechanics.
-
D.
Dirac spinors
Dirac spinors are four-component mathematical objects in relativistic quantum mechanics that describe spin-½ particles, such as electrons, incorporating both their spin and particle–antiparticle degrees of freedom.
-
E.
von Neumann measurement scheme
The von Neumann measurement scheme is a foundational formalism in quantum mechanics that models measurements as interactions between a quantum system and an apparatus, leading to probabilistic outcomes and state collapse.
- F. None of above. chosen
Provenance (5 batches)
The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.
| Step | Stage | Batch ID | Status | When |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| creating | Elicitation | batch_69a88630519c8190a17addd83c4a3ef4 |
completed | March 4, 2026, 7:21 p.m. |
| NER | Named-entity recognition | batch_69aa64e07bd081908e442c1004cdad61 |
completed | March 6, 2026, 5:23 a.m. |
| NED1 | Entity disambiguation (via context triple) | batch_69ada99f52a08190854109d152c22be0 |
completed | March 8, 2026, 4:53 p.m. |
| NEDg | Description generation | batch_69adab04b5688190afb3418e9b9da845 |
completed | March 8, 2026, 4:59 p.m. |
| NED2 | Entity disambiguation (via description) | batch_69adaeaf81e881908f99f5d948e3557b |
completed | March 8, 2026, 5:15 p.m. |
Created at: March 4, 2026, 7:31 p.m.