Triple

T17580368
Position Surface form Disambiguated ID Type / Status
Subject Alexander Vilenkin E428186 entity
Predicate notableWork P4 FINISHED
Object Birth of Inflationary Universes NE NERFINISHED

How this triple was built (3 steps)

Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.

NER Named-entity recognition gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: Birth of Inflationary Universes | Statement: [Alexander Vilenkin, notableWork, Birth of Inflationary Universes]
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Birth of Inflationary Universes
Context triple: [Alexander Vilenkin, notableWork, Birth of Inflationary Universes]
  • A. inflationary universe theory
    Inflationary universe theory is a cosmological model proposing that the early universe underwent an extremely rapid exponential expansion, explaining its large-scale uniformity and structure.
  • B. Starobinsky R^2 inflation model
    The Starobinsky R² inflation model is a pioneering cosmological model of the early universe in which inflation is driven by a modification of general relativity that adds a term proportional to the square of the Ricci scalar to the gravitational action.
  • C. The Origin and Fate of the Universe
    The Origin and Fate of the Universe is a chapter in Stephen Hawking’s popular science book A Brief History of Time that explores cosmological models for how the universe began, evolves, and might ultimately end.
  • D. Particle Physics and Inflationary Cosmology
    "Particle Physics and Inflationary Cosmology" is a seminal monograph by Andrei Linde that develops and synthesizes the theory of cosmic inflation within the framework of modern particle physics and early-universe cosmology.
  • E. Hartle–Hawking no-boundary proposal
    The Hartle–Hawking no-boundary proposal is a quantum cosmological model suggesting that the universe is finite but without an initial temporal boundary, replacing the classical Big Bang singularity with a smooth, boundaryless beginning described by quantum gravity.
  • F. None of above. chosen
  • G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Birth of Inflationary Universes
Target entity description: "Birth of Inflationary Universes" is a seminal work by cosmologist Alexander Vilenkin that develops the idea of universe creation through quantum tunneling and eternal inflation, helping to establish modern inflationary cosmology.
  • A. inflationary universe theory
    Inflationary universe theory is a cosmological model proposing that the early universe underwent an extremely rapid exponential expansion, explaining its large-scale uniformity and structure.
  • B. Starobinsky R^2 inflation model
    The Starobinsky R² inflation model is a pioneering cosmological model of the early universe in which inflation is driven by a modification of general relativity that adds a term proportional to the square of the Ricci scalar to the gravitational action.
  • C. The Origin and Fate of the Universe
    The Origin and Fate of the Universe is a chapter in Stephen Hawking’s popular science book A Brief History of Time that explores cosmological models for how the universe began, evolves, and might ultimately end.
  • D. Particle Physics and Inflationary Cosmology
    "Particle Physics and Inflationary Cosmology" is a seminal monograph by Andrei Linde that develops and synthesizes the theory of cosmic inflation within the framework of modern particle physics and early-universe cosmology.
  • E. Hartle–Hawking no-boundary proposal
    The Hartle–Hawking no-boundary proposal is a quantum cosmological model suggesting that the universe is finite but without an initial temporal boundary, replacing the classical Big Bang singularity with a smooth, boundaryless beginning described by quantum gravity.
  • F. None of above. chosen

Provenance (2 batches)

The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.

Step Stage Batch ID Status When
creating Elicitation batch_69d889e1030481909950e140c63255b9 completed April 10, 2026, 5:25 a.m.
NER Named-entity recognition batch_69e463cdb1608190a7e249ad6531b1dc completed April 19, 2026, 5:10 a.m.
Created at: April 10, 2026, 5:50 a.m.