Triple

T17266919
Position Surface form Disambiguated ID Type / Status
Subject Renate Loll E419151 entity
Predicate hasPublication P80 FINISHED
Object “Nonperturbative Lorentzian quantum gravity, causality and topology change” E807317 NE FINISHED

How this triple was built (2 steps)

Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.

NER Named-entity recognition gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: “Nonperturbative Lorentzian quantum gravity, causality and topology change” | Statement: [Renate Loll, hasPublication, “Nonperturbative Lorentzian quantum gravity, causality and topology change”]
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07 
Target entity: “Nonperturbative Lorentzian quantum gravity, causality and topology change”
Context triple: [Renate Loll, hasPublication, “Nonperturbative Lorentzian quantum gravity, causality and topology change”]
  • A. Euclidean quantum gravity
    Euclidean quantum gravity is an approach to quantum gravity that reformulates general relativity in imaginary (Euclidean) time to define a path integral over geometries, often used in black hole thermodynamics and early-universe cosmology.
  • B. Hartle–Hawking no-boundary proposal
    The Hartle–Hawking no-boundary proposal is a quantum cosmological model suggesting that the universe is finite but without an initial temporal boundary, replacing the classical Big Bang singularity with a smooth, boundaryless beginning described by quantum gravity.
  • C. causal dynamical triangulations chosen
    Causal dynamical triangulations is an approach to quantum gravity that models spacetime as built from discrete, causally ordered simplices to recover continuum spacetime at large scales.
  • D. Hawking–Penrose singularity theorems
    The Hawking–Penrose singularity theorems are foundational results in general relativity that show, under broad physical conditions, spacetime must contain singularities such as those inside black holes or at the Big Bang.
  • E. The Large Scale Structure of Space-Time
    The Large Scale Structure of Space-Time is a seminal 1973 monograph by Stephen Hawking and George Ellis that rigorously develops the mathematical foundations of general relativity and the global properties of cosmological models.
  • F. None of above.
  • G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.

Provenance (3 batches)

The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.

Step Stage Batch ID Status When
creating Elicitation batch_69d886da626481908a14ce7830329a35 completed April 10, 2026, 5:12 a.m.
NER Named-entity recognition batch_69e42f45bf608190bcb48783d0d6fb85 completed April 19, 2026, 1:26 a.m.
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) batch_6a0179482a348190a00dd3cd5076431e completed May 11, 2026, 6:38 a.m.
Created at: April 10, 2026, 5:40 a.m.