Triple

T172088
Position Surface form Disambiguated ID Type / Status
Subject Duchy of Savoy E3497 entity
Predicate borderedBy P224 FINISHED
Object Duchy of Milan
The Duchy of Milan was a powerful late medieval and Renaissance state in northern Italy, centered on the city of Milan and long contested by major European powers.
E38567 NE FINISHED

How this triple was built (4 steps)

Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.

NER Named-entity recognition gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: Duchy of Milan | Statement: [Duchy of Savoy, borderedBy, Duchy of Milan]
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Duchy of Milan
Context triple: [Duchy of Savoy, borderedBy, Duchy of Milan]
  • A. Duchy of Savoy
    The Duchy of Savoy was a historical state in Western Europe, centered in the Alpine region between France and Italy, that played a key role in European power politics before evolving into the Kingdom of Sardinia and ultimately contributing to the unification of Italy.
  • B. Kingdom of Naples
    The Kingdom of Naples was a historic monarchy in southern Italy that served as a major political and cultural center in the Mediterranean, often contested by European powers.
  • C. Kingdom of Sardinia
    The Kingdom of Sardinia was a historical state in Southern Europe that originated on the island of Sardinia and later became the core of the Savoyard state that led the unification of Italy in the 19th century.
  • D. Kingdom of Sicily
    The Kingdom of Sicily was a significant Mediterranean monarchy that encompassed southern Italy and the island of Sicily, playing a key role in European politics and trade from the Middle Ages through the early modern period.
  • E. Kingdom of Italy
    The Kingdom of Italy was a unified Italian state that existed from 1861 to 1946, playing a major role in European politics and both World Wars before becoming the modern Italian Republic.
  • F. None of above. chosen
  • G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NEDg Description generation gpt-5.1
Instruction
Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. 
You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. 
# Instructions
Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. 
Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential.
# Response Format
Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"
Input
Entity: Duchy of Milan
Triple: [Duchy of Savoy, borderedBy, Duchy of Milan]
Generated description
The Duchy of Milan was a powerful late medieval and Renaissance state in northern Italy, centered on the city of Milan and long contested by major European powers.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Duchy of Milan
Target entity description: The Duchy of Milan was a powerful late medieval and Renaissance state in northern Italy, centered on the city of Milan and long contested by major European powers.
  • A. Duchy of Savoy
    The Duchy of Savoy was a historical state in Western Europe, centered in the Alpine region between France and Italy, that played a key role in European power politics before evolving into the Kingdom of Sardinia and ultimately contributing to the unification of Italy.
  • B. Kingdom of Naples
    The Kingdom of Naples was a historic monarchy in southern Italy that served as a major political and cultural center in the Mediterranean, often contested by European powers.
  • C. Kingdom of Sardinia
    The Kingdom of Sardinia was a historical state in Southern Europe that originated on the island of Sardinia and later became the core of the Savoyard state that led the unification of Italy in the 19th century.
  • D. Kingdom of Sicily
    The Kingdom of Sicily was a significant Mediterranean monarchy that encompassed southern Italy and the island of Sicily, playing a key role in European politics and trade from the Middle Ages through the early modern period.
  • E. Kingdom of Italy
    The Kingdom of Italy was a unified Italian state that existed from 1861 to 1946, playing a major role in European politics and both World Wars before becoming the modern Italian Republic.
  • F. None of above. chosen

Provenance (5 batches)

The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.

Step Stage Batch ID Status When
creating Elicitation batch_69a25374990081909766d30c79a18e0e completed Feb. 28, 2026, 2:31 a.m.
NER Named-entity recognition batch_69a258b94d00819098e90bdfa1306f9f completed Feb. 28, 2026, 2:53 a.m.
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) batch_69a3a881821c81908272faf90952fc97 completed March 1, 2026, 2:46 a.m.
NEDg Description generation batch_69a3a930b3f88190bed32abaaaeaf29a completed March 1, 2026, 2:49 a.m.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) batch_69a3aa12fda88190b24db4bd02650727 completed March 1, 2026, 2:53 a.m.
Created at: Feb. 28, 2026, 2:39 a.m.