Triple

T17181977
Position Surface form Disambiguated ID Type / Status
Subject Sheldon M. Ross E417005 entity
Predicate notableWork P4 FINISHED
Object Introduction to Probability Models
Introduction to Probability Models is a widely used textbook that provides a comprehensive, applications-oriented introduction to probability theory and stochastic processes for students in engineering, mathematics, and related fields.
E1255750 NE FINISHED

How this triple was built (4 steps)

Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.

NER Named-entity recognition gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: Introduction to Probability Models | Statement: [Sheldon M. Ross, notableWork, Introduction to Probability Models]
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Introduction to Probability Models
Context triple: [Sheldon M. Ross, notableWork, Introduction to Probability Models]
  • A. A First Course in Probability
    A First Course in Probability is a widely used introductory textbook that presents fundamental concepts and methods of probability theory with clear explanations and numerous examples.
  • B. The Art of Probability for Scientists and Engineers
    The Art of Probability for Scientists and Engineers is a textbook by mathematician Richard W. Hamming that presents probability theory with an emphasis on practical applications in science and engineering.
  • C. Introduction to Probability and Statistics for Engineers and Scientists
    "Introduction to Probability and Statistics for Engineers and Scientists" is a widely used textbook that presents fundamental concepts of probability and statistics with a strong emphasis on applications in engineering and the physical sciences.
  • D. Probability and Statistics with Reliability, Queuing, and Computer Science Applications
    "Probability and Statistics with Reliability, Queuing, and Computer Science Applications" is a widely used textbook by Kishor S. Trivedi that presents probability and statistics with a strong emphasis on reliability engineering, queueing theory, and their applications in computer science.
  • E. Modern Probability Theory and Its Applications
    "Modern Probability Theory and Its Applications" is a foundational textbook by Emanuel Parzen that systematically develops modern probability theory and demonstrates its use in a wide range of statistical and applied contexts.
  • F. None of above. chosen
  • G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NEDg Description generation gpt-5.1
Instruction
Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. 
You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. 
# Instructions
Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. 
Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential.
# Response Format
Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"
Input
Entity: Introduction to Probability Models
Triple: [Sheldon M. Ross, notableWork, Introduction to Probability Models]
Generated description
Introduction to Probability Models is a widely used textbook that provides a comprehensive, applications-oriented introduction to probability theory and stochastic processes for students in engineering, mathematics, and related fields.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Introduction to Probability Models
Target entity description: Introduction to Probability Models is a widely used textbook that provides a comprehensive, applications-oriented introduction to probability theory and stochastic processes for students in engineering, mathematics, and related fields.
  • A. A First Course in Probability
    A First Course in Probability is a widely used introductory textbook that presents fundamental concepts and methods of probability theory with clear explanations and numerous examples.
  • B. The Art of Probability for Scientists and Engineers
    The Art of Probability for Scientists and Engineers is a textbook by mathematician Richard W. Hamming that presents probability theory with an emphasis on practical applications in science and engineering.
  • C. Introduction to Probability and Statistics for Engineers and Scientists
    "Introduction to Probability and Statistics for Engineers and Scientists" is a widely used textbook that presents fundamental concepts of probability and statistics with a strong emphasis on applications in engineering and the physical sciences.
  • D. Probability and Statistics with Reliability, Queuing, and Computer Science Applications
    "Probability and Statistics with Reliability, Queuing, and Computer Science Applications" is a widely used textbook by Kishor S. Trivedi that presents probability and statistics with a strong emphasis on reliability engineering, queueing theory, and their applications in computer science.
  • E. Modern Probability Theory and Its Applications
    "Modern Probability Theory and Its Applications" is a foundational textbook by Emanuel Parzen that systematically develops modern probability theory and demonstrates its use in a wide range of statistical and applied contexts.
  • F. None of above. chosen

Provenance (5 batches)

The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.

Step Stage Batch ID Status When
creating Elicitation batch_69d886d5f34c8190b24564dfaa63f3fb completed April 10, 2026, 5:12 a.m.
NER Named-entity recognition batch_69e42d934ec08190acc47073758ac3c0 completed April 19, 2026, 1:19 a.m.
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) batch_6a015fca04cc8190a9df230078fbe268 completed May 11, 2026, 4:49 a.m.
NEDg Description generation batch_6a0161e5f6f0819083c57feac088f531 completed May 11, 2026, 4:58 a.m.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) batch_6a0162785e7081908d57801eeae7cf67 completed May 11, 2026, 5 a.m.
Created at: April 10, 2026, 5:37 a.m.