Triple
T17181976
| Position | Surface form | Disambiguated ID | Type / Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| Subject | Sheldon M. Ross |
E417005
|
entity |
| Predicate | notableWork |
P4
|
FINISHED |
| Object |
A First Course in Probability
A First Course in Probability is a widely used introductory textbook that presents fundamental concepts and methods of probability theory with clear explanations and numerous examples.
|
E1254728
|
NE FINISHED |
How this triple was built (4 steps)
Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.
NER
Named-entity recognition
gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: A First Course in Probability | Statement: [Sheldon M. Ross, notableWork, A First Course in Probability]
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: A First Course in Probability Context triple: [Sheldon M. Ross, notableWork, A First Course in Probability]
-
A.
The Art of Probability for Scientists and Engineers
The Art of Probability for Scientists and Engineers is a textbook by mathematician Richard W. Hamming that presents probability theory with an emphasis on practical applications in science and engineering.
-
B.
Modern Probability Theory and Its Applications
"Modern Probability Theory and Its Applications" is a foundational textbook by Emanuel Parzen that systematically develops modern probability theory and demonstrates its use in a wide range of statistical and applied contexts.
-
C.
Probability and Statistics with Reliability, Queuing, and Computer Science Applications
"Probability and Statistics with Reliability, Queuing, and Computer Science Applications" is a widely used textbook by Kishor S. Trivedi that presents probability and statistics with a strong emphasis on reliability engineering, queueing theory, and their applications in computer science.
-
D.
The Theory of Probability
The Theory of Probability is Hans Reichenbach’s influential philosophical and mathematical treatise that helped establish a rigorous, frequency-based interpretation of probability within the logical empiricist tradition.
-
E.
Calcul des probabilités
Calcul des probabilités is a foundational mathematical treatise on probability theory authored by French mathematician Paul Lévy.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NEDg
Description generation
gpt-5.1
Instruction
Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. # Instructions Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential. # Response Format Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"
Input
Entity: A First Course in Probability Triple: [Sheldon M. Ross, notableWork, A First Course in Probability]
Generated description
A First Course in Probability is a widely used introductory textbook that presents fundamental concepts and methods of probability theory with clear explanations and numerous examples.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: A First Course in Probability Target entity description: A First Course in Probability is a widely used introductory textbook that presents fundamental concepts and methods of probability theory with clear explanations and numerous examples.
-
A.
The Art of Probability for Scientists and Engineers
The Art of Probability for Scientists and Engineers is a textbook by mathematician Richard W. Hamming that presents probability theory with an emphasis on practical applications in science and engineering.
-
B.
Modern Probability Theory and Its Applications
"Modern Probability Theory and Its Applications" is a foundational textbook by Emanuel Parzen that systematically develops modern probability theory and demonstrates its use in a wide range of statistical and applied contexts.
-
C.
Probability and Statistics with Reliability, Queuing, and Computer Science Applications
"Probability and Statistics with Reliability, Queuing, and Computer Science Applications" is a widely used textbook by Kishor S. Trivedi that presents probability and statistics with a strong emphasis on reliability engineering, queueing theory, and their applications in computer science.
-
D.
The Theory of Probability
The Theory of Probability is Hans Reichenbach’s influential philosophical and mathematical treatise that helped establish a rigorous, frequency-based interpretation of probability within the logical empiricist tradition.
-
E.
Calcul des probabilités
Calcul des probabilités is a foundational mathematical treatise on probability theory authored by French mathematician Paul Lévy.
- F. None of above. chosen
Provenance (5 batches)
The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.
| Step | Stage | Batch ID | Status | When |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| creating | Elicitation | batch_69d886d5f34c8190b24564dfaa63f3fb |
completed | April 10, 2026, 5:12 a.m. |
| NER | Named-entity recognition | batch_69e42d934ec08190acc47073758ac3c0 |
completed | April 19, 2026, 1:19 a.m. |
| NED1 | Entity disambiguation (via context triple) | batch_6a014847a19481909b1249c2fe428bfc |
completed | May 11, 2026, 3:08 a.m. |
| NEDg | Description generation | batch_6a014cf269b48190bf58eb71a9fec897 |
completed | May 11, 2026, 3:28 a.m. |
| NED2 | Entity disambiguation (via description) | batch_6a014d5d10b4819086969145c2d4fb56 |
completed | May 11, 2026, 3:30 a.m. |
Created at: April 10, 2026, 5:37 a.m.