Triple

T17105584
Position Surface form Disambiguated ID Type / Status
Subject 't Hooft–Veltman gauge E415090 entity
Predicate relatedTo P37 FINISHED
Object Faddeev–Popov ghosts E860357 NE FINISHED

How this triple was built (2 steps)

Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.

NER Named-entity recognition gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: Faddeev–Popov ghosts | Statement: ['t Hooft–Veltman gauge, relatedTo, Faddeev–Popov ghosts]
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07 
Target entity: Faddeev–Popov ghosts
Context triple: ['t Hooft–Veltman gauge, relatedTo, Faddeev–Popov ghosts]
  • A. Faddeev–Popov ghosts chosen
    Faddeev–Popov ghosts are auxiliary, anticommuting fields introduced in the path integral quantization of non-Abelian gauge theories to correctly account for gauge redundancy and maintain unitarity and renormalizability.
  • B. Slavnov–Taylor identities
    Slavnov–Taylor identities are relations in non-Abelian gauge theories that generalize Ward identities, ensuring the consistency and renormalizability of gauge-invariant quantum field theories.
  • C. Ward–Takahashi identities
    The Ward–Takahashi identities are fundamental relations in quantum field theory that express the consequences of gauge or global symmetries for Green’s functions and ensure the consistency of renormalization with these symmetries.
  • D. Schwinger–Dyson equations
    The Schwinger–Dyson equations are a set of integral equations in quantum field theory that relate correlation functions and encode the full dynamics of a quantum field.
  • E. Faddeev’s axioms
    Faddeev’s axioms are a set of conditions characterizing Shannon entropy in information theory, providing an alternative but equivalent axiomatization to the Shannon–Khinchin framework.
  • F. None of above.
  • G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.

Provenance (3 batches)

The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.

Step Stage Batch ID Status When
creating Elicitation batch_69d886cfc8e88190b05ba466edd35591 completed April 10, 2026, 5:12 a.m.
NER Named-entity recognition batch_69e3dc2683fc81908af2df9012addecb completed April 18, 2026, 7:31 p.m.
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) batch_6a0139ffbe808190a24e827331ee4a6c completed May 11, 2026, 2:07 a.m.
Created at: April 10, 2026, 5:35 a.m.