Triple
T17105492
| Position | Surface form | Disambiguated ID | Type / Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| Subject | 't Hooft anomaly |
E415088
|
entity |
| Predicate | relatesTo |
P37
|
FINISHED |
| Object |
Adler–Bell–Jackiw anomaly
The Adler–Bell–Jackiw anomaly is a quantum field theory phenomenon in which a classical chiral symmetry is broken by quantum effects, famously explaining the decay of the neutral pion into two photons.
|
E1250506
|
NE FINISHED |
How this triple was built (4 steps)
Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.
NER
Named-entity recognition
gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: Adler–Bell–Jackiw anomaly | Statement: ['t Hooft anomaly, relatesTo, Adler–Bell–Jackiw anomaly]
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Adler–Bell–Jackiw anomaly Context triple: ['t Hooft anomaly, relatesTo, Adler–Bell–Jackiw anomaly]
-
A.
’t Hooft anomaly
’t Hooft anomaly is a quantum field theory phenomenon where a classical global symmetry cannot be consistently preserved at the quantum level, imposing powerful constraints on the dynamics and possible phases of the theory.
-
B.
Ward–Takahashi identities
The Ward–Takahashi identities are fundamental relations in quantum field theory that express the consequences of gauge or global symmetries for Green’s functions and ensure the consistency of renormalization with these symmetries.
-
C.
Heisenberg–Euler effective Lagrangian
The Heisenberg–Euler effective Lagrangian is a quantum electrodynamics result that captures nonlinear corrections to classical electromagnetism arising from virtual electron–positron pair effects in strong electromagnetic fields.
-
D.
Gell-Mann–Low theorem
The Gell-Mann–Low theorem is a fundamental result in quantum field theory that rigorously connects interacting quantum fields to free fields via the adiabatic switching-on of interactions, underpinning the use of perturbation theory and the Dyson series.
-
E.
Faddeev–Popov ghosts
Faddeev–Popov ghosts are auxiliary, anticommuting fields introduced in the path integral quantization of non-Abelian gauge theories to correctly account for gauge redundancy and maintain unitarity and renormalizability.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NEDg
Description generation
gpt-5.1
Instruction
Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. # Instructions Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential. # Response Format Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"
Input
Entity: Adler–Bell–Jackiw anomaly Triple: ['t Hooft anomaly, relatesTo, Adler–Bell–Jackiw anomaly]
Generated description
The Adler–Bell–Jackiw anomaly is a quantum field theory phenomenon in which a classical chiral symmetry is broken by quantum effects, famously explaining the decay of the neutral pion into two photons.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Adler–Bell–Jackiw anomaly Target entity description: The Adler–Bell–Jackiw anomaly is a quantum field theory phenomenon in which a classical chiral symmetry is broken by quantum effects, famously explaining the decay of the neutral pion into two photons.
-
A.
’t Hooft anomaly
’t Hooft anomaly is a quantum field theory phenomenon where a classical global symmetry cannot be consistently preserved at the quantum level, imposing powerful constraints on the dynamics and possible phases of the theory.
-
B.
Ward–Takahashi identities
The Ward–Takahashi identities are fundamental relations in quantum field theory that express the consequences of gauge or global symmetries for Green’s functions and ensure the consistency of renormalization with these symmetries.
-
C.
Heisenberg–Euler effective Lagrangian
The Heisenberg–Euler effective Lagrangian is a quantum electrodynamics result that captures nonlinear corrections to classical electromagnetism arising from virtual electron–positron pair effects in strong electromagnetic fields.
-
D.
Gell-Mann–Low theorem
The Gell-Mann–Low theorem is a fundamental result in quantum field theory that rigorously connects interacting quantum fields to free fields via the adiabatic switching-on of interactions, underpinning the use of perturbation theory and the Dyson series.
-
E.
Faddeev–Popov ghosts
Faddeev–Popov ghosts are auxiliary, anticommuting fields introduced in the path integral quantization of non-Abelian gauge theories to correctly account for gauge redundancy and maintain unitarity and renormalizability.
- F. None of above. chosen
Provenance (5 batches)
The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.
| Step | Stage | Batch ID | Status | When |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| creating | Elicitation | batch_69d886cfc8e88190b05ba466edd35591 |
completed | April 10, 2026, 5:12 a.m. |
| NER | Named-entity recognition | batch_69e3dc2683fc81908af2df9012addecb |
completed | April 18, 2026, 7:31 p.m. |
| NED1 | Entity disambiguation (via context triple) | batch_6a0139ffbe808190a24e827331ee4a6c |
completed | May 11, 2026, 2:07 a.m. |
| NEDg | Description generation | batch_6a013ae388548190b09d2c81e1ab0d02 |
completed | May 11, 2026, 2:11 a.m. |
| NED2 | Entity disambiguation (via description) | batch_6a013b4df74c81908b3b99e276531e13 |
completed | May 11, 2026, 2:13 a.m. |
Created at: April 10, 2026, 5:35 a.m.