Triple

T17020463
Position Surface form Disambiguated ID Type / Status
Subject Littlewood–Paley theory E412933 entity
Predicate mainTool P28572 FINISHED
Object Littlewood–Paley projections
Littlewood–Paley projections are frequency-localization operators that decompose functions into dyadic frequency bands, playing a central role in harmonic analysis and function space theory.
E412933 NE FINISHED

How this triple was built (4 steps)

Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.

NER Named-entity recognition gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: Littlewood–Paley projections | Statement: [Littlewood–Paley theory, mainTool, Littlewood–Paley projections]
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Littlewood–Paley projections
Context triple: [Littlewood–Paley theory, mainTool, Littlewood–Paley projections]
  • A. Littlewood–Paley theory
    Littlewood–Paley theory is a collection of techniques in harmonic analysis that decompose functions into frequency-localized pieces to study their behavior in L^p spaces and related function spaces.
  • B. Riesz transforms
    Riesz transforms are fundamental singular integral operators in harmonic analysis that generalize the Hilbert transform to higher dimensions and play a key role in studying function spaces and partial differential equations.
  • C. Three regularity results in harmonic analysis
    "Three regularity results in harmonic analysis" is the doctoral thesis of mathematician Terence Tao, focusing on advanced problems in harmonic analysis and the study of regularity properties of functions and operators.
  • D. Harmonic Analysis: Real-Variable Methods, Orthogonality, and Oscillatory Integrals
    "Harmonic Analysis: Real-Variable Methods, Orthogonality, and Oscillatory Integrals" is a foundational graduate-level textbook by Elias Stein that systematically develops modern harmonic analysis using real-variable techniques, emphasizing singular integrals, Littlewood–Paley theory, and oscillatory integral methods.
  • E. Bochner–Riesz means
    Bochner–Riesz means are a family of summability methods in harmonic analysis used to improve the convergence of Fourier series and Fourier integrals by smoothing their partial sums.
  • F. None of above. chosen
  • G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NEDg Description generation gpt-5.1
Instruction
Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. 
You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. 
# Instructions
Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. 
Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential.
# Response Format
Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"
Input
Entity: Littlewood–Paley projections
Triple: [Littlewood–Paley theory, mainTool, Littlewood–Paley projections]
Generated description
Littlewood–Paley projections are frequency-localization operators that decompose functions into dyadic frequency bands, playing a central role in harmonic analysis and function space theory.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Littlewood–Paley projections
Target entity description: Littlewood–Paley projections are frequency-localization operators that decompose functions into dyadic frequency bands, playing a central role in harmonic analysis and function space theory.
  • A. Littlewood–Paley theory chosen
    Littlewood–Paley theory is a collection of techniques in harmonic analysis that decompose functions into frequency-localized pieces to study their behavior in L^p spaces and related function spaces.
  • B. Riesz transforms
    Riesz transforms are fundamental singular integral operators in harmonic analysis that generalize the Hilbert transform to higher dimensions and play a key role in studying function spaces and partial differential equations.
  • C. Three regularity results in harmonic analysis
    "Three regularity results in harmonic analysis" is the doctoral thesis of mathematician Terence Tao, focusing on advanced problems in harmonic analysis and the study of regularity properties of functions and operators.
  • D. Harmonic Analysis: Real-Variable Methods, Orthogonality, and Oscillatory Integrals
    "Harmonic Analysis: Real-Variable Methods, Orthogonality, and Oscillatory Integrals" is a foundational graduate-level textbook by Elias Stein that systematically develops modern harmonic analysis using real-variable techniques, emphasizing singular integrals, Littlewood–Paley theory, and oscillatory integral methods.
  • E. Bochner–Riesz means
    Bochner–Riesz means are a family of summability methods in harmonic analysis used to improve the convergence of Fourier series and Fourier integrals by smoothing their partial sums.
  • F. None of above.

Provenance (5 batches)

The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.

Step Stage Batch ID Status When
creating Elicitation batch_69d886cc4170819093deddc7b8b4b6a7 completed April 10, 2026, 5:12 a.m.
NER Named-entity recognition batch_69e3d482c3a0819099e6ea4acb0a08ee completed April 18, 2026, 6:59 p.m.
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) batch_6a011b4f9dfc819085639edb5cda1cca completed May 10, 2026, 11:57 p.m.
NEDg Description generation batch_6a011cc1afc48190b83e3203407c1d7f completed May 11, 2026, 12:03 a.m.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) batch_6a011d67c82c8190b737406e8952eb2b completed May 11, 2026, 12:05 a.m.
Created at: April 10, 2026, 5:33 a.m.