Triple

T16974216
Position Surface form Disambiguated ID Type / Status
Subject Victor Shoup E411765 entity
Predicate coInventorOf P1858 FINISHED
Object Cramer–Shoup cryptosystem
The Cramer–Shoup cryptosystem is a public-key encryption scheme designed to be secure against adaptive chosen-ciphertext attacks, improving on earlier systems like ElGamal in terms of robustness and security guarantees.
E1242677 NE FINISHED

How this triple was built (4 steps)

Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.

NER Named-entity recognition gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: Cramer–Shoup cryptosystem | Statement: [Victor Shoup, coInventorOf, Cramer–Shoup cryptosystem]
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Cramer–Shoup cryptosystem
Context triple: [Victor Shoup, coInventorOf, Cramer–Shoup cryptosystem]
  • A. Naor–Yung encryption paradigm
    The Naor–Yung encryption paradigm is a foundational cryptographic framework that uses double encryption and zero-knowledge proofs to transform semantically secure public-key schemes into ones secure against chosen-ciphertext attacks.
  • B. Secrecy, Authentication, and Public Key Systems
    "Secrecy, Authentication, and Public Key Systems" is Ralph Merkle's influential doctoral thesis that helped lay the foundations of modern public-key cryptography and secure communication protocols.
  • C. New Directions in Cryptography
    New Directions in Cryptography is a landmark 1976 paper that introduced the concepts of public-key cryptography and digital signatures, fundamentally reshaping modern cryptography and secure communications.
  • D. Schnorr signature scheme
    The Schnorr signature scheme is a digital signature algorithm known for its simplicity, strong security proofs under the discrete logarithm assumption, and efficiency, forming the basis for several modern signature schemes.
  • E. Naor–Reingold pseudorandom function
    The Naor–Reingold pseudorandom function is a foundational cryptographic construction that provides a simple, efficient, and provably secure method for generating pseudorandom outputs from secret keys based on number-theoretic assumptions.
  • F. None of above. chosen
  • G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NEDg Description generation gpt-5.1
Instruction
Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. 
You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. 
# Instructions
Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. 
Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential.
# Response Format
Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"
Input
Entity: Cramer–Shoup cryptosystem
Triple: [Victor Shoup, coInventorOf, Cramer–Shoup cryptosystem]
Generated description
The Cramer–Shoup cryptosystem is a public-key encryption scheme designed to be secure against adaptive chosen-ciphertext attacks, improving on earlier systems like ElGamal in terms of robustness and security guarantees.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Cramer–Shoup cryptosystem
Target entity description: The Cramer–Shoup cryptosystem is a public-key encryption scheme designed to be secure against adaptive chosen-ciphertext attacks, improving on earlier systems like ElGamal in terms of robustness and security guarantees.
  • A. Naor–Yung encryption paradigm
    The Naor–Yung encryption paradigm is a foundational cryptographic framework that uses double encryption and zero-knowledge proofs to transform semantically secure public-key schemes into ones secure against chosen-ciphertext attacks.
  • B. Secrecy, Authentication, and Public Key Systems
    "Secrecy, Authentication, and Public Key Systems" is Ralph Merkle's influential doctoral thesis that helped lay the foundations of modern public-key cryptography and secure communication protocols.
  • C. New Directions in Cryptography
    New Directions in Cryptography is a landmark 1976 paper that introduced the concepts of public-key cryptography and digital signatures, fundamentally reshaping modern cryptography and secure communications.
  • D. Schnorr signature scheme
    The Schnorr signature scheme is a digital signature algorithm known for its simplicity, strong security proofs under the discrete logarithm assumption, and efficiency, forming the basis for several modern signature schemes.
  • E. Naor–Reingold pseudorandom function
    The Naor–Reingold pseudorandom function is a foundational cryptographic construction that provides a simple, efficient, and provably secure method for generating pseudorandom outputs from secret keys based on number-theoretic assumptions.
  • F. None of above. chosen

Provenance (5 batches)

The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.

Step Stage Batch ID Status When
creating Elicitation batch_69d886ca8f348190812768ea8d5055ce completed April 10, 2026, 5:12 a.m.
NER Named-entity recognition batch_69e3d0af06688190a77682aa297cd27e completed April 18, 2026, 6:42 p.m.
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) batch_6a00d4738fbc819099e8281ebc777091 completed May 10, 2026, 6:54 p.m.
NEDg Description generation batch_6a00d51835c48190b1a37de6ac25ceaa completed May 10, 2026, 6:57 p.m.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) batch_6a00d59b96108190a0e55f01529a0b64 completed May 10, 2026, 6:59 p.m.
Created at: April 10, 2026, 5:31 a.m.