Triple
T16974216
| Position | Surface form | Disambiguated ID | Type / Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| Subject | Victor Shoup |
E411765
|
entity |
| Predicate | coInventorOf |
P1858
|
FINISHED |
| Object |
Cramer–Shoup cryptosystem
The Cramer–Shoup cryptosystem is a public-key encryption scheme designed to be secure against adaptive chosen-ciphertext attacks, improving on earlier systems like ElGamal in terms of robustness and security guarantees.
|
E1242677
|
NE FINISHED |
How this triple was built (4 steps)
Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.
NER
Named-entity recognition
gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: Cramer–Shoup cryptosystem | Statement: [Victor Shoup, coInventorOf, Cramer–Shoup cryptosystem]
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Cramer–Shoup cryptosystem Context triple: [Victor Shoup, coInventorOf, Cramer–Shoup cryptosystem]
-
A.
Naor–Yung encryption paradigm
The Naor–Yung encryption paradigm is a foundational cryptographic framework that uses double encryption and zero-knowledge proofs to transform semantically secure public-key schemes into ones secure against chosen-ciphertext attacks.
-
B.
Secrecy, Authentication, and Public Key Systems
"Secrecy, Authentication, and Public Key Systems" is Ralph Merkle's influential doctoral thesis that helped lay the foundations of modern public-key cryptography and secure communication protocols.
-
C.
New Directions in Cryptography
New Directions in Cryptography is a landmark 1976 paper that introduced the concepts of public-key cryptography and digital signatures, fundamentally reshaping modern cryptography and secure communications.
-
D.
Schnorr signature scheme
The Schnorr signature scheme is a digital signature algorithm known for its simplicity, strong security proofs under the discrete logarithm assumption, and efficiency, forming the basis for several modern signature schemes.
-
E.
Naor–Reingold pseudorandom function
The Naor–Reingold pseudorandom function is a foundational cryptographic construction that provides a simple, efficient, and provably secure method for generating pseudorandom outputs from secret keys based on number-theoretic assumptions.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NEDg
Description generation
gpt-5.1
Instruction
Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. # Instructions Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential. # Response Format Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"
Input
Entity: Cramer–Shoup cryptosystem Triple: [Victor Shoup, coInventorOf, Cramer–Shoup cryptosystem]
Generated description
The Cramer–Shoup cryptosystem is a public-key encryption scheme designed to be secure against adaptive chosen-ciphertext attacks, improving on earlier systems like ElGamal in terms of robustness and security guarantees.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Cramer–Shoup cryptosystem Target entity description: The Cramer–Shoup cryptosystem is a public-key encryption scheme designed to be secure against adaptive chosen-ciphertext attacks, improving on earlier systems like ElGamal in terms of robustness and security guarantees.
-
A.
Naor–Yung encryption paradigm
The Naor–Yung encryption paradigm is a foundational cryptographic framework that uses double encryption and zero-knowledge proofs to transform semantically secure public-key schemes into ones secure against chosen-ciphertext attacks.
-
B.
Secrecy, Authentication, and Public Key Systems
"Secrecy, Authentication, and Public Key Systems" is Ralph Merkle's influential doctoral thesis that helped lay the foundations of modern public-key cryptography and secure communication protocols.
-
C.
New Directions in Cryptography
New Directions in Cryptography is a landmark 1976 paper that introduced the concepts of public-key cryptography and digital signatures, fundamentally reshaping modern cryptography and secure communications.
-
D.
Schnorr signature scheme
The Schnorr signature scheme is a digital signature algorithm known for its simplicity, strong security proofs under the discrete logarithm assumption, and efficiency, forming the basis for several modern signature schemes.
-
E.
Naor–Reingold pseudorandom function
The Naor–Reingold pseudorandom function is a foundational cryptographic construction that provides a simple, efficient, and provably secure method for generating pseudorandom outputs from secret keys based on number-theoretic assumptions.
- F. None of above. chosen
Provenance (5 batches)
The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.
| Step | Stage | Batch ID | Status | When |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| creating | Elicitation | batch_69d886ca8f348190812768ea8d5055ce |
completed | April 10, 2026, 5:12 a.m. |
| NER | Named-entity recognition | batch_69e3d0af06688190a77682aa297cd27e |
completed | April 18, 2026, 6:42 p.m. |
| NED1 | Entity disambiguation (via context triple) | batch_6a00d4738fbc819099e8281ebc777091 |
completed | May 10, 2026, 6:54 p.m. |
| NEDg | Description generation | batch_6a00d51835c48190b1a37de6ac25ceaa |
completed | May 10, 2026, 6:57 p.m. |
| NED2 | Entity disambiguation (via description) | batch_6a00d59b96108190a0e55f01529a0b64 |
completed | May 10, 2026, 6:59 p.m. |
Created at: April 10, 2026, 5:31 a.m.