Triple

T16860153
Position Surface form Disambiguated ID Type / Status
Subject Charles S. Peskin E409888 entity
Predicate developed P73 FINISHED
Object immersed boundary method
The immersed boundary method is a numerical approach for simulating fluid–structure interactions by representing flexible or moving boundaries within an underlying fixed fluid grid.
E1235916 NE FINISHED

How this triple was built (4 steps)

Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.

NER Named-entity recognition gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: immersed boundary method | Statement: [Charles S. Peskin, developed, immersed boundary method]
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: immersed boundary method
Context triple: [Charles S. Peskin, developed, immersed boundary method]
  • A. Navier boundary condition
    The Navier boundary condition is a fluid mechanics boundary condition that allows for partial slip of a fluid along a solid surface, relating the tangential velocity at the boundary to the shear stress via a slip length.
  • B. Finite Element Methods for Flow Problems
    "Finite Element Methods for Flow Problems" is a foundational textbook that develops and applies finite element techniques to the numerical simulation of fluid flow and related transport phenomena.
  • C. CFD
    CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) is a field of study and set of numerical methods used to simulate and analyze fluid flow and heat transfer using computer-based models.
  • D. Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes turbulence modeling
    Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes turbulence modeling is a widely used computational fluid dynamics approach that predicts turbulent flows by averaging the Navier–Stokes equations and modeling the effects of turbulence through closure models.
  • E. Hydrodynamics
    Hydrodynamics is a classic and influential treatise by Horace Lamb that systematically develops the mathematical theory of fluid motion.
  • F. None of above. chosen
  • G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NEDg Description generation gpt-5.1
Instruction
Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. 
You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. 
# Instructions
Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. 
Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential.
# Response Format
Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"
Input
Entity: immersed boundary method
Triple: [Charles S. Peskin, developed, immersed boundary method]
Generated description
The immersed boundary method is a numerical approach for simulating fluid–structure interactions by representing flexible or moving boundaries within an underlying fixed fluid grid.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: immersed boundary method
Target entity description: The immersed boundary method is a numerical approach for simulating fluid–structure interactions by representing flexible or moving boundaries within an underlying fixed fluid grid.
  • A. Navier boundary condition
    The Navier boundary condition is a fluid mechanics boundary condition that allows for partial slip of a fluid along a solid surface, relating the tangential velocity at the boundary to the shear stress via a slip length.
  • B. Finite Element Methods for Flow Problems
    "Finite Element Methods for Flow Problems" is a foundational textbook that develops and applies finite element techniques to the numerical simulation of fluid flow and related transport phenomena.
  • C. CFD
    CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) is a field of study and set of numerical methods used to simulate and analyze fluid flow and heat transfer using computer-based models.
  • D. Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes turbulence modeling
    Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes turbulence modeling is a widely used computational fluid dynamics approach that predicts turbulent flows by averaging the Navier–Stokes equations and modeling the effects of turbulence through closure models.
  • E. Hydrodynamics
    Hydrodynamics is a classic and influential treatise by Horace Lamb that systematically develops the mathematical theory of fluid motion.
  • F. None of above. chosen

Provenance (5 batches)

The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.

Step Stage Batch ID Status When
creating Elicitation batch_69d88395e6c88190b22730f335107c14 completed April 10, 2026, 4:59 a.m.
NER Named-entity recognition batch_69e3b502bc048190baa5a83015407080 completed April 18, 2026, 4:44 p.m.
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) batch_6a00bb274ba48190951acde0821e05a0 completed May 10, 2026, 5:06 p.m.
NEDg Description generation batch_6a00bb8a6a288190ae442b2e6f021def completed May 10, 2026, 5:08 p.m.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) batch_6a00bc27a1648190b2987c8dd9afc249 completed May 10, 2026, 5:11 p.m.
Created at: April 10, 2026, 5:24 a.m.