Triple

T16807237
Position Surface form Disambiguated ID Type / Status
Subject Balmer series of hydrogen E408510 entity
Predicate namedAfter P63 FINISHED
Object Johann Balmer
Johann Balmer was a Swiss mathematician best known for formulating an empirical formula that accurately described the visible spectral lines of hydrogen, now called the Balmer series.
E1234872 NE FINISHED

How this triple was built (4 steps)

Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.

NER Named-entity recognition gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: Johann Balmer | Statement: [Balmer series of hydrogen, namedAfter, Johann Balmer]
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Johann Balmer
Context triple: [Balmer series of hydrogen, namedAfter, Johann Balmer]
  • A. Johannes Rydberg
    Johannes Rydberg was a Swedish physicist best known for formulating the Rydberg formula, which accurately predicts the wavelengths of spectral lines of many chemical elements.
  • B. Alfred Landé
    Alfred Landé was a German-American physicist best known for his work in quantum theory and atomic spectroscopy, including the introduction of the Landé g-factor.
  • C. Norman Lockyer
    Norman Lockyer was a British astronomer and science communicator best known for co-discovering the element helium in the solar spectrum and for founding the journal Nature.
  • D. Jules Janssen
    Jules Janssen was a 19th-century French astronomer renowned for his pioneering work in solar spectroscopy and the discovery of helium in the Sun’s spectrum.
  • E. Julius Plücker
    Julius Plücker was a 19th-century German mathematician and physicist known for his pioneering work in analytic and projective geometry as well as early contributions to spectroscopy.
  • F. None of above. chosen
  • G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NEDg Description generation gpt-5.1
Instruction
Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. 
You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. 
# Instructions
Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. 
Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential.
# Response Format
Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"
Input
Entity: Johann Balmer
Triple: [Balmer series of hydrogen, namedAfter, Johann Balmer]
Generated description
Johann Balmer was a Swiss mathematician best known for formulating an empirical formula that accurately described the visible spectral lines of hydrogen, now called the Balmer series.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Johann Balmer
Target entity description: Johann Balmer was a Swiss mathematician best known for formulating an empirical formula that accurately described the visible spectral lines of hydrogen, now called the Balmer series.
  • A. Johannes Rydberg
    Johannes Rydberg was a Swedish physicist best known for formulating the Rydberg formula, which accurately predicts the wavelengths of spectral lines of many chemical elements.
  • B. Alfred Landé
    Alfred Landé was a German-American physicist best known for his work in quantum theory and atomic spectroscopy, including the introduction of the Landé g-factor.
  • C. Norman Lockyer
    Norman Lockyer was a British astronomer and science communicator best known for co-discovering the element helium in the solar spectrum and for founding the journal Nature.
  • D. Jules Janssen
    Jules Janssen was a 19th-century French astronomer renowned for his pioneering work in solar spectroscopy and the discovery of helium in the Sun’s spectrum.
  • E. Julius Plücker
    Julius Plücker was a 19th-century German mathematician and physicist known for his pioneering work in analytic and projective geometry as well as early contributions to spectroscopy.
  • F. None of above. chosen

Provenance (5 batches)

The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.

Step Stage Batch ID Status When
creating Elicitation batch_69d88393905081908d00a86b99996ac8 completed April 10, 2026, 4:58 a.m.
NER Named-entity recognition batch_69e3b2cd1e8c8190a7a05ba255f711c7 completed April 18, 2026, 4:35 p.m.
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) batch_6a00b28f125481909664363904f4c031 completed May 10, 2026, 4:30 p.m.
NEDg Description generation batch_6a00b399786c8190acbd188ab55b1fa0 completed May 10, 2026, 4:34 p.m.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) batch_6a00b466ecd08190b7b5ee54476631ab completed May 10, 2026, 4:37 p.m.
Created at: April 10, 2026, 5:22 a.m.