Triple
T1663027
| Position | Surface form | Disambiguated ID | Type / Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| Subject | Cologne |
E35950
|
entity |
| Predicate | originalRomanName |
P6662
|
FINISHED |
| Object |
Colonia Claudia Ara Agrippinensium
Colonia Claudia Ara Agrippinensium was the Roman imperial city and military colony that developed into modern-day Cologne, serving as a major urban and administrative center in the province of Germania Inferior.
|
E187417
|
NE FINISHED |
How this triple was built (5 steps)
Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.
NER
Named-entity recognition
gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: Colonia Claudia Ara Agrippinensium | Statement: [Cologne, originalRomanName, Colonia Claudia Ara Agrippinensium]
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Colonia Claudia Ara Agrippinensium Context triple: [Cologne, originalRomanName, Colonia Claudia Ara Agrippinensium]
-
A.
Colonia Julia Firma Secundanorum Arausio
Colonia Julia Firma Secundanorum Arausio was a Roman colony in southern Gaul, corresponding to modern-day Orange in France, known for its well-preserved ancient monuments such as the Roman theatre and triumphal arch.
-
B.
Aquincum
Aquincum was an important ancient Roman military and civilian settlement located in what is now northern Budapest, Hungary.
-
C.
Argentoratum
Argentoratum is the ancient Roman military camp and settlement that later developed into the modern city of Strasbourg in northeastern France.
-
D.
Ulpia Noviomagus Batavorum
Ulpia Noviomagus Batavorum was a major Roman settlement and military base in the province of Germania Inferior, located at the site of present-day Nijmegen in the Netherlands.
-
E.
Thugga
Thugga is an ancient Roman-Berber city in modern-day Tunisia renowned for its well-preserved ruins and status as a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NEDg
Description generation
gpt-5.1
Instruction
Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. # Instructions Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential. # Response Format Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"
Input
Entity: Colonia Claudia Ara Agrippinensium Triple: [Cologne, originalRomanName, Colonia Claudia Ara Agrippinensium]
Generated description
Colonia Claudia Ara Agrippinensium was the Roman imperial city and military colony that developed into modern-day Cologne, serving as a major urban and administrative center in the province of Germania Inferior.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Colonia Claudia Ara Agrippinensium Target entity description: Colonia Claudia Ara Agrippinensium was the Roman imperial city and military colony that developed into modern-day Cologne, serving as a major urban and administrative center in the province of Germania Inferior.
-
A.
Colonia Julia Firma Secundanorum Arausio
Colonia Julia Firma Secundanorum Arausio was a Roman colony in southern Gaul, corresponding to modern-day Orange in France, known for its well-preserved ancient monuments such as the Roman theatre and triumphal arch.
-
B.
Aquincum
Aquincum was an important ancient Roman military and civilian settlement located in what is now northern Budapest, Hungary.
-
C.
Argentoratum
Argentoratum is the ancient Roman military camp and settlement that later developed into the modern city of Strasbourg in northeastern France.
-
D.
Ulpia Noviomagus Batavorum
Ulpia Noviomagus Batavorum was a major Roman settlement and military base in the province of Germania Inferior, located at the site of present-day Nijmegen in the Netherlands.
-
E.
Thugga
Thugga is an ancient Roman-Berber city in modern-day Tunisia renowned for its well-preserved ruins and status as a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
- F. None of above. chosen
PD
Predicate disambiguation
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target predicate: originalRomanName Context triple: [Cologne, originalRomanName, Colonia Claudia Ara Agrippinensium]
-
A.
hasRomanName
chosen
Indicates that an entity is associated with or known by a name derived from or used in ancient Rome.
-
B.
RomanRepresentative
Indicates that one entity serves as an official representative or agent of the Roman state, authority, or interests in relation to another entity.
-
C.
usesRomanNumerals
Indicates that something represents numbers or sequences using the Roman numeral system rather than standard Arabic digits.
-
D.
underRomanRule
Indicates that one entity was politically controlled or governed by the Roman state or its authorities.
-
E.
nameInRomanian
Indicates that one entity is the Romanian-language name or designation of another entity.
- F. None of above.
Provenance (6 batches)
The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.
| Step | Stage | Batch ID | Status | When |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| creating | Elicitation | batch_69a88606aa808190aa0b421b4271f220 |
completed | March 4, 2026, 7:20 p.m. |
| NER | Named-entity recognition | batch_69aa994f92b0819084ee2f6a672334b9 |
completed | March 6, 2026, 9:07 a.m. |
| NED1 | Entity disambiguation (via context triple) | batch_69ad682d968081909494920f3a7ea3af |
completed | March 8, 2026, 12:14 p.m. |
| NEDg | Description generation | batch_69ad69017e448190b337337431c6f797 |
completed | March 8, 2026, 12:18 p.m. |
| NED2 | Entity disambiguation (via description) | batch_69ad6966c3108190bf2519f698dd3903 |
completed | March 8, 2026, 12:19 p.m. |
| PD | Predicate disambiguation | batch_69a907d2475c8190b7ec7dccd3335eb1 |
completed | March 5, 2026, 4:34 a.m. |
Created at: March 4, 2026, 7:29 p.m.