Triple

T16614233
Position Surface form Disambiguated ID Type / Status
Subject Alexei Kitaev E403650 entity
Predicate notableConcept P201 FINISHED
Object topological quantum memory
Topological quantum memory is a proposed method for storing quantum information in globally encoded, topologically protected states that are inherently resistant to local errors and decoherence.
E1223608 NE FINISHED

How this triple was built (4 steps)

Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.

NER Named-entity recognition gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: topological quantum memory | Statement: [Alexei Kitaev, notableConcept, topological quantum memory]
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: topological quantum memory
Context triple: [Alexei Kitaev, notableConcept, topological quantum memory]
  • A. The Complexity of Quantum States and Transformations
    "The Complexity of Quantum States and Transformations" is a highly cited research paper by Scott Aaronson that investigates the computational complexity and limitations of describing, preparing, and manipulating quantum states and operations.
  • B. topological quantum field theory
    A topological quantum field theory is a quantum field theory whose observables and correlation functions depend only on the topology of the underlying spacetime manifold rather than its geometric details, making it a powerful tool in both mathematics and theoretical physics.
  • C. The Learnability of Quantum States
    "The Learnability of Quantum States" is a research paper by Scott Aaronson that investigates under what conditions quantum states can be efficiently learned or approximated from measurement data within the framework of computational learning theory.
  • D. Quantum Fiber
    Quantum Fiber is a high-speed fiber-optic internet service brand operated by Lumen Technologies, offering residential and business broadband connectivity.
  • E. Quantum Geographic Information System
    Quantum Geographic Information System is an open-source, cross-platform geographic information system application used for viewing, editing, and analyzing geospatial data.
  • F. None of above. chosen
  • G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NEDg Description generation gpt-5.1
Instruction
Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. 
You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. 
# Instructions
Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. 
Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential.
# Response Format
Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"
Input
Entity: topological quantum memory
Triple: [Alexei Kitaev, notableConcept, topological quantum memory]
Generated description
Topological quantum memory is a proposed method for storing quantum information in globally encoded, topologically protected states that are inherently resistant to local errors and decoherence.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: topological quantum memory
Target entity description: Topological quantum memory is a proposed method for storing quantum information in globally encoded, topologically protected states that are inherently resistant to local errors and decoherence.
  • A. The Complexity of Quantum States and Transformations
    "The Complexity of Quantum States and Transformations" is a highly cited research paper by Scott Aaronson that investigates the computational complexity and limitations of describing, preparing, and manipulating quantum states and operations.
  • B. topological quantum field theory
    A topological quantum field theory is a quantum field theory whose observables and correlation functions depend only on the topology of the underlying spacetime manifold rather than its geometric details, making it a powerful tool in both mathematics and theoretical physics.
  • C. The Learnability of Quantum States
    "The Learnability of Quantum States" is a research paper by Scott Aaronson that investigates under what conditions quantum states can be efficiently learned or approximated from measurement data within the framework of computational learning theory.
  • D. Quantum Fiber
    Quantum Fiber is a high-speed fiber-optic internet service brand operated by Lumen Technologies, offering residential and business broadband connectivity.
  • E. Quantum Geographic Information System
    Quantum Geographic Information System is an open-source, cross-platform geographic information system application used for viewing, editing, and analyzing geospatial data.
  • F. None of above. chosen

Provenance (5 batches)

The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.

Step Stage Batch ID Status When
creating Elicitation batch_69d883897eb481909eaaa088ba9918d9 completed April 10, 2026, 4:58 a.m.
NER Named-entity recognition batch_69e360983d2c8190b1fe7f18aedfbde1 completed April 18, 2026, 10:44 a.m.
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) batch_6a0075aeaa9881908bdef0f9f2b52e60 completed May 10, 2026, 12:10 p.m.
NEDg Description generation batch_6a007705f57881908b07a20ae8957c64 completed May 10, 2026, 12:16 p.m.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) batch_6a007b18f0b08190a9ddc6ad7358d6b8 completed May 10, 2026, 12:33 p.m.
Created at: April 10, 2026, 5:17 a.m.