Triple
T16445664
| Position | Surface form | Disambiguated ID | Type / Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| Subject | Abraham Robinson |
E399416
|
entity |
| Predicate | notableWork |
P4
|
FINISHED |
| Object |
Non-standard Analysis
Non-standard Analysis is a branch of mathematical logic and analysis that rigorously formalizes infinitesimals and infinite numbers to provide an alternative foundation for calculus and real analysis.
|
E1213869
|
NE FINISHED |
How this triple was built (4 steps)
Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.
NER
Named-entity recognition
gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: Non-standard Analysis | Statement: [Abraham Robinson, notableWork, Non-standard Analysis]
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Non-standard Analysis Context triple: [Abraham Robinson, notableWork, Non-standard Analysis]
-
A.
Functional Analysis: Introduction to Further Topics in Analysis
"Functional Analysis: Introduction to Further Topics in Analysis" is an advanced graduate-level textbook by Elias Stein that develops modern functional analysis with applications to areas such as operator theory, harmonic analysis, and partial differential equations.
-
B.
Foundations of Modern Analysis
Foundations of Modern Analysis is a classic graduate-level textbook that systematically develops modern mathematical analysis using rigorous, abstract methods and functional analysis.
-
C.
Foundations of Functional Analysis
Foundations of Functional Analysis is a seminal mathematical text that systematically develops the core concepts and theorems of functional analysis, particularly in the tradition of the Riesz school.
-
D.
Surreal numbers
Surreal numbers are a class of numbers introduced by John H. Conway that form an extensive ordered field encompassing the real numbers, infinite quantities, and infinitesimals within a unified framework.
-
E.
Littlewood’s three principles of real analysis
Littlewood’s three principles of real analysis are a set of heuristic guidelines that clarify how measurable sets and functions can be approximated and simplified, emphasizing that they are nearly finite, nearly countable, and nearly continuous.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NEDg
Description generation
gpt-5.1
Instruction
Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. # Instructions Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential. # Response Format Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"
Input
Entity: Non-standard Analysis Triple: [Abraham Robinson, notableWork, Non-standard Analysis]
Generated description
Non-standard Analysis is a branch of mathematical logic and analysis that rigorously formalizes infinitesimals and infinite numbers to provide an alternative foundation for calculus and real analysis.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Non-standard Analysis Target entity description: Non-standard Analysis is a branch of mathematical logic and analysis that rigorously formalizes infinitesimals and infinite numbers to provide an alternative foundation for calculus and real analysis.
-
A.
Functional Analysis: Introduction to Further Topics in Analysis
"Functional Analysis: Introduction to Further Topics in Analysis" is an advanced graduate-level textbook by Elias Stein that develops modern functional analysis with applications to areas such as operator theory, harmonic analysis, and partial differential equations.
-
B.
Foundations of Modern Analysis
Foundations of Modern Analysis is a classic graduate-level textbook that systematically develops modern mathematical analysis using rigorous, abstract methods and functional analysis.
-
C.
Foundations of Functional Analysis
Foundations of Functional Analysis is a seminal mathematical text that systematically develops the core concepts and theorems of functional analysis, particularly in the tradition of the Riesz school.
-
D.
Surreal numbers
Surreal numbers are a class of numbers introduced by John H. Conway that form an extensive ordered field encompassing the real numbers, infinite quantities, and infinitesimals within a unified framework.
-
E.
Littlewood’s three principles of real analysis
Littlewood’s three principles of real analysis are a set of heuristic guidelines that clarify how measurable sets and functions can be approximated and simplified, emphasizing that they are nearly finite, nearly countable, and nearly continuous.
- F. None of above. chosen
Provenance (5 batches)
The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.
| Step | Stage | Batch ID | Status | When |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| creating | Elicitation | batch_69d87f2c6778819080fcfae53be8f12a |
completed | April 10, 2026, 4:40 a.m. |
| NER | Named-entity recognition | batch_69e32cdb5d908190bb6c5cb3c794cf4b |
completed | April 18, 2026, 7:03 a.m. |
| NED1 | Entity disambiguation (via context triple) | batch_6a0045922d748190bb3200c96f244149 |
completed | May 10, 2026, 8:45 a.m. |
| NEDg | Description generation | batch_6a00473d31308190ab836c09da2a82da |
completed | May 10, 2026, 8:52 a.m. |
| NED2 | Entity disambiguation (via description) | batch_6a0047b4b6688190afef52b39788ceae |
completed | May 10, 2026, 8:54 a.m. |
Created at: April 10, 2026, 5:10 a.m.