Triple

T16426701
Position Surface form Disambiguated ID Type / Status
Subject Carolingian architecture E398960 entity
Predicate flourishedDuring P15561 FINISHED
Object reign of Charlemagne
The reign of Charlemagne was the late 8th- to early 9th-century rule of the Frankish king and first Holy Roman Emperor, marked by military expansion, administrative reforms, and a major revival of learning and culture in Western Europe.
E251351 NE FINISHED

How this triple was built (4 steps)

Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.

NER Named-entity recognition gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: reign of Charlemagne | Statement: [Carolingian architecture, flourishedDuring, reign of Charlemagne]
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: reign of Charlemagne
Context triple: [Carolingian architecture, flourishedDuring, reign of Charlemagne]
  • A. Carolingian period
    The Carolingian period was a phase of the early Middle Ages marked by the rule of the Carolingian dynasty, notable for the reign of Charlemagne and a revival of art, learning, and centralized authority in Western Europe.
  • B. Carolingian Renaissance
    The Carolingian Renaissance was a revival of learning, arts, and culture in Western Europe under Charlemagne and his successors, marked by educational reforms, manuscript production, and the preservation of classical texts.
  • C. Carolingian expansion
    Carolingian expansion was the period of territorial and political growth of the Frankish Empire under the Carolingian dynasty, marked by military conquest, Christianization, and administrative consolidation across Western and Central Europe.
  • D. Carolingian Empire
    The Carolingian Empire was a large medieval Frankish realm in Western and Central Europe, most associated with Charlemagne and the revival of imperial authority in the West.
  • E. Carolingian dynasty
    The Carolingian dynasty was a Frankish noble family that rose to rule much of Western and Central Europe in the early Middle Ages, most famously under Charlemagne, laying foundations for the Holy Roman Empire.
  • F. None of above. chosen
  • G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NEDg Description generation gpt-5.1
Instruction
Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. 
You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. 
# Instructions
Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. 
Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential.
# Response Format
Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"
Input
Entity: reign of Charlemagne
Triple: [Carolingian architecture, flourishedDuring, reign of Charlemagne]
Generated description
The reign of Charlemagne was the late 8th- to early 9th-century rule of the Frankish king and first Holy Roman Emperor, marked by military expansion, administrative reforms, and a major revival of learning and culture in Western Europe.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: reign of Charlemagne
Target entity description: The reign of Charlemagne was the late 8th- to early 9th-century rule of the Frankish king and first Holy Roman Emperor, marked by military expansion, administrative reforms, and a major revival of learning and culture in Western Europe.
  • A. Carolingian period chosen
    The Carolingian period was a phase of the early Middle Ages marked by the rule of the Carolingian dynasty, notable for the reign of Charlemagne and a revival of art, learning, and centralized authority in Western Europe.
  • B. Carolingian Renaissance
    The Carolingian Renaissance was a revival of learning, arts, and culture in Western Europe under Charlemagne and his successors, marked by educational reforms, manuscript production, and the preservation of classical texts.
  • C. Carolingian expansion
    Carolingian expansion was the period of territorial and political growth of the Frankish Empire under the Carolingian dynasty, marked by military conquest, Christianization, and administrative consolidation across Western and Central Europe.
  • D. Carolingian Empire
    The Carolingian Empire was a large medieval Frankish realm in Western and Central Europe, most associated with Charlemagne and the revival of imperial authority in the West.
  • E. Carolingian dynasty
    The Carolingian dynasty was a Frankish noble family that rose to rule much of Western and Central Europe in the early Middle Ages, most famously under Charlemagne, laying foundations for the Holy Roman Empire.
  • F. None of above.

Provenance (5 batches)

The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.

Step Stage Batch ID Status When
creating Elicitation batch_69d87f2b9024819085c20e52de95d583 completed April 10, 2026, 4:40 a.m.
NER Named-entity recognition batch_69e328fb6cd881908fb6cd1c60f5ac3c completed April 18, 2026, 6:47 a.m.
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) batch_6a00458168888190bd0be495efa5c563 completed May 10, 2026, 8:44 a.m.
NEDg Description generation batch_6a004621f0908190ad97a15fec619765 completed May 10, 2026, 8:47 a.m.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) batch_6a0046a88e048190baa78506808171b8 completed May 10, 2026, 8:49 a.m.
Created at: April 10, 2026, 5:09 a.m.