Triple

T1616492
Position Surface form Disambiguated ID Type / Status
Subject Jimmy Ba E34729 entity
Predicate coAuthorOf P2389 FINISHED
Object Adam: A Method for Stochastic Optimization
"Adam: A Method for Stochastic Optimization" is a highly influential machine learning paper that introduces the Adam optimizer, a widely used adaptive gradient-based optimization algorithm for training deep neural networks.
E182822 NE FINISHED

How this triple was built (4 steps)

Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.

NER Named-entity recognition gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: Adam: A Method for Stochastic Optimization | Statement: [Jimmy Ba, coAuthorOf, Adam: A Method for Stochastic Optimization]
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Adam: A Method for Stochastic Optimization
Context triple: [Jimmy Ba, coAuthorOf, Adam: A Method for Stochastic Optimization]
  • A. Automatic Adam
    Automatic Adam is the nickname of Adam Vinatieri, a legendary NFL placekicker renowned for his clutch, game-winning field goals in high-pressure situations.
  • B. “A fast learning algorithm for deep belief nets”
    “A fast learning algorithm for deep belief nets” is a seminal 2006 paper by Geoffrey Hinton that introduced an efficient unsupervised pretraining method for deep neural networks using stacked restricted Boltzmann machines.
  • C. Generative Adversarial Networks
    Generative Adversarial Networks are a class of machine learning models in which two neural networks compete to generate highly realistic synthetic data, such as images, audio, or text.
  • D. Proximal Policy Optimization
    Proximal Policy Optimization is a popular reinforcement learning algorithm that improves policy gradient methods by using clipped objective functions to achieve stable and efficient training.
  • E. “Learning representations by back-propagating errors”
    “Learning representations by back-propagating errors” is a landmark 1986 research paper that popularized the backpropagation algorithm for training multi-layer neural networks, helping to launch the modern field of deep learning.
  • F. None of above. chosen
  • G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NEDg Description generation gpt-5.1
Instruction
Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. 
You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. 
# Instructions
Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. 
Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential.
# Response Format
Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"
Input
Entity: Adam: A Method for Stochastic Optimization
Triple: [Jimmy Ba, coAuthorOf, Adam: A Method for Stochastic Optimization]
Generated description
"Adam: A Method for Stochastic Optimization" is a highly influential machine learning paper that introduces the Adam optimizer, a widely used adaptive gradient-based optimization algorithm for training deep neural networks.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Adam: A Method for Stochastic Optimization
Target entity description: "Adam: A Method for Stochastic Optimization" is a highly influential machine learning paper that introduces the Adam optimizer, a widely used adaptive gradient-based optimization algorithm for training deep neural networks.
  • A. Automatic Adam
    Automatic Adam is the nickname of Adam Vinatieri, a legendary NFL placekicker renowned for his clutch, game-winning field goals in high-pressure situations.
  • B. “A fast learning algorithm for deep belief nets”
    “A fast learning algorithm for deep belief nets” is a seminal 2006 paper by Geoffrey Hinton that introduced an efficient unsupervised pretraining method for deep neural networks using stacked restricted Boltzmann machines.
  • C. Generative Adversarial Networks
    Generative Adversarial Networks are a class of machine learning models in which two neural networks compete to generate highly realistic synthetic data, such as images, audio, or text.
  • D. Proximal Policy Optimization
    Proximal Policy Optimization is a popular reinforcement learning algorithm that improves policy gradient methods by using clipped objective functions to achieve stable and efficient training.
  • E. “Learning representations by back-propagating errors”
    “Learning representations by back-propagating errors” is a landmark 1986 research paper that popularized the backpropagation algorithm for training multi-layer neural networks, helping to launch the modern field of deep learning.
  • F. None of above. chosen

Provenance (5 batches)

The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.

Step Stage Batch ID Status When
creating Elicitation batch_69a885ffc5ec819091afa325d5f9611c completed March 4, 2026, 7:20 p.m.
NER Named-entity recognition batch_69a909abbec081908f95547471530ad5 completed March 5, 2026, 4:42 a.m.
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) batch_69ad51cd2e54819086924378792eb2e3 completed March 8, 2026, 10:39 a.m.
NEDg Description generation batch_69ad5248af2881909755ae87b4cd0041 completed March 8, 2026, 10:41 a.m.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) batch_69ad52b3dcf081909e73fba891e985b2 completed March 8, 2026, 10:43 a.m.
Created at: March 4, 2026, 7:28 p.m.