Triple

T16040604
Position Surface form Disambiguated ID Type / Status
Subject Personal Software Process E389082 entity
Predicate documentedIn P309 FINISHED
Object A Discipline for Software Engineering
"A Discipline for Software Engineering" is a book by Watts S. Humphrey that introduces and explains the Personal Software Process (PSP), a structured methodology for individual software engineers to improve the quality and predictability of their work.
E1190742 NE FINISHED

How this triple was built (4 steps)

Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.

NER Named-entity recognition gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: A Discipline for Software Engineering | Statement: [Personal Software Process, documentedIn, A Discipline for Software Engineering]
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: A Discipline for Software Engineering
Context triple: [Personal Software Process, documentedIn, A Discipline for Software Engineering]
  • A. Essence: The Software Engineering Method
    "Essence: The Software Engineering Method" is a framework introduced by Ivar Jacobson that defines a common, lightweight kernel and language for describing and improving software engineering practices.
  • B. No Silver Bullet: Essence and Accidents of Software Engineering
    "No Silver Bullet: Essence and Accidents of Software Engineering" is a seminal essay arguing that no single technology or practice will yield dramatic, order-of-magnitude improvements in software productivity, reliability, or simplicity.
  • C. Agile Software Development, Principles, Patterns, and Practices
    "Agile Software Development, Principles, Patterns, and Practices" is a foundational software engineering book by Robert C. Martin that explains agile methodologies through object-oriented design principles, design patterns, and best practices for building maintainable code.
  • D. Clean Code: A Handbook of Agile Software Craftsmanship
    Clean Code: A Handbook of Agile Software Craftsmanship is a highly influential software engineering book by Robert C. Martin that teaches principles and practices for writing readable, maintainable, and high-quality code.
  • E. Manifesto for Software Craftsmanship
    Manifesto for Software Craftsmanship is a foundational document that promotes professionalism, technical excellence, and continuous improvement in software development as a craft.
  • F. None of above. chosen
  • G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NEDg Description generation gpt-5.1
Instruction
Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. 
You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. 
# Instructions
Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. 
Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential.
# Response Format
Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"
Input
Entity: A Discipline for Software Engineering
Triple: [Personal Software Process, documentedIn, A Discipline for Software Engineering]
Generated description
"A Discipline for Software Engineering" is a book by Watts S. Humphrey that introduces and explains the Personal Software Process (PSP), a structured methodology for individual software engineers to improve the quality and predictability of their work.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: A Discipline for Software Engineering
Target entity description: "A Discipline for Software Engineering" is a book by Watts S. Humphrey that introduces and explains the Personal Software Process (PSP), a structured methodology for individual software engineers to improve the quality and predictability of their work.
  • A. Essence: The Software Engineering Method
    "Essence: The Software Engineering Method" is a framework introduced by Ivar Jacobson that defines a common, lightweight kernel and language for describing and improving software engineering practices.
  • B. No Silver Bullet: Essence and Accidents of Software Engineering
    "No Silver Bullet: Essence and Accidents of Software Engineering" is a seminal essay arguing that no single technology or practice will yield dramatic, order-of-magnitude improvements in software productivity, reliability, or simplicity.
  • C. Agile Software Development, Principles, Patterns, and Practices
    "Agile Software Development, Principles, Patterns, and Practices" is a foundational software engineering book by Robert C. Martin that explains agile methodologies through object-oriented design principles, design patterns, and best practices for building maintainable code.
  • D. Clean Code: A Handbook of Agile Software Craftsmanship
    Clean Code: A Handbook of Agile Software Craftsmanship is a highly influential software engineering book by Robert C. Martin that teaches principles and practices for writing readable, maintainable, and high-quality code.
  • E. Manifesto for Software Craftsmanship
    Manifesto for Software Craftsmanship is a foundational document that promotes professionalism, technical excellence, and continuous improvement in software development as a craft.
  • F. None of above. chosen

Provenance (5 batches)

The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.

Step Stage Batch ID Status When
creating Elicitation batch_69d86dada3808190825d5f80d72fbe88 completed April 10, 2026, 3:25 a.m.
NER Named-entity recognition batch_69e18340686881909135fc43a0a71b20 completed April 17, 2026, 12:48 a.m.
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) batch_69ffdbd77c5481908644742a8a8f3e68 completed May 10, 2026, 1:13 a.m.
NEDg Description generation batch_69ffdc4f3d488190a5d1bffd4432ac32 completed May 10, 2026, 1:15 a.m.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) batch_69ffdd0392e08190af42a0cdc5dd4c1f completed May 10, 2026, 1:18 a.m.
Created at: April 10, 2026, 4:56 a.m.