Triple

T16028064
Position Surface form Disambiguated ID Type / Status
Subject Duchy of Parma and Piacenza E388768 entity
Predicate ruledBy P3022 FINISHED
Object Dukes of Parma and Piacenza
The Dukes of Parma and Piacenza were the hereditary sovereign rulers of the small Italian duchy centered on the cities of Parma and Piacenza, most prominently associated with the Farnese and later Bourbon-Parma dynasties.
E75738 NE FINISHED

How this triple was built (4 steps)

Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.

NER Named-entity recognition gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: Dukes of Parma and Piacenza | Statement: [Duchy of Parma and Piacenza, ruledBy, Dukes of Parma and Piacenza]
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Dukes of Parma and Piacenza
Context triple: [Duchy of Parma and Piacenza, ruledBy, Dukes of Parma and Piacenza]
  • A. Dukes of Spoleto
    The Dukes of Spoleto were powerful Lombard and later Frankish-appointed rulers of a strategic duchy in central Italy during the early Middle Ages.
  • B. Dukes of Benevento
    The Dukes of Benevento were Lombard rulers of a powerful and semi-independent duchy in southern Italy during the early Middle Ages.
  • C. House of Bourbon-Parma
    The House of Bourbon-Parma is a cadet branch of the Spanish Bourbons that ruled the Duchy of Parma and continues as a European royal dynasty with historical ties to Italy, Spain, and Luxembourg.
  • D. Marquises of Mantua
    The Marquises of Mantua were the hereditary rulers of the Italian city-state of Mantua from the influential Gonzaga family, who governed the region during the late Middle Ages and Renaissance.
  • E. Prince of Savoy
    Prince of Savoy is a dynastic title traditionally borne by male members of the former ruling House of Savoy of Italy.
  • F. None of above. chosen
  • G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NEDg Description generation gpt-5.1
Instruction
Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. 
You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. 
# Instructions
Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. 
Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential.
# Response Format
Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"
Input
Entity: Dukes of Parma and Piacenza
Triple: [Duchy of Parma and Piacenza, ruledBy, Dukes of Parma and Piacenza]
Generated description
The Dukes of Parma and Piacenza were the hereditary sovereign rulers of the small Italian duchy centered on the cities of Parma and Piacenza, most prominently associated with the Farnese and later Bourbon-Parma dynasties.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Dukes of Parma and Piacenza
Target entity description: The Dukes of Parma and Piacenza were the hereditary sovereign rulers of the small Italian duchy centered on the cities of Parma and Piacenza, most prominently associated with the Farnese and later Bourbon-Parma dynasties.
  • A. Dukes of Spoleto
    The Dukes of Spoleto were powerful Lombard and later Frankish-appointed rulers of a strategic duchy in central Italy during the early Middle Ages.
  • B. Dukes of Benevento
    The Dukes of Benevento were Lombard rulers of a powerful and semi-independent duchy in southern Italy during the early Middle Ages.
  • C. House of Bourbon-Parma chosen
    The House of Bourbon-Parma is a cadet branch of the Spanish Bourbons that ruled the Duchy of Parma and continues as a European royal dynasty with historical ties to Italy, Spain, and Luxembourg.
  • D. Marquises of Mantua
    The Marquises of Mantua were the hereditary rulers of the Italian city-state of Mantua from the influential Gonzaga family, who governed the region during the late Middle Ages and Renaissance.
  • E. Prince of Savoy
    Prince of Savoy is a dynastic title traditionally borne by male members of the former ruling House of Savoy of Italy.
  • F. None of above.

Provenance (5 batches)

The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.

Step Stage Batch ID Status When
creating Elicitation batch_69d86dada3808190825d5f80d72fbe88 completed April 10, 2026, 3:25 a.m.
NER Named-entity recognition batch_69e183294984819080b8727a3511a21b completed April 17, 2026, 12:47 a.m.
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) batch_69ffcf33c6a881909284933ea3b7dd6e completed May 10, 2026, 12:20 a.m.
NEDg Description generation batch_69ffd01d545c8190a96cd888223c7fa9 completed May 10, 2026, 12:23 a.m.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) batch_69ffd0b3d4b08190b1be30954d5d76c0 completed May 10, 2026, 12:26 a.m.
Created at: April 10, 2026, 4:56 a.m.