Triple

T15938217
Position Surface form Disambiguated ID Type / Status
Subject balance sheet recession theory E386492 entity
Predicate developedBy P73 FINISHED
Object Richard Koo
Richard Koo is a Taiwanese-American economist best known for formulating the concept of balance sheet recessions and analyzing Japan’s prolonged economic stagnation.
E1184513 NE FINISHED

How this triple was built (4 steps)

Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.

NER Named-entity recognition gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: Richard Koo | Statement: [balance sheet recession theory, developedBy, Richard Koo]
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Richard Koo
Context triple: [balance sheet recession theory, developedBy, Richard Koo]
  • A. Nobuhiro Kiyotaki
    Nobuhiro Kiyotaki is a prominent Japanese macroeconomist best known for his influential work on credit cycles, financial frictions, and the Kiyotaki–Moore model.
  • B. Ha-Joon Chang
    Ha-Joon Chang is a South Korean institutional economist and author known for his critical views on free-market orthodoxy and influential works on development economics and industrial policy.
  • C. Nouriel Roubini
    Nouriel Roubini is an Iranian-American economist and New York University professor known for accurately predicting the 2008 global financial crisis and for his often pessimistic macroeconomic forecasts.
  • D. Kenneth Rogoff
    Kenneth Rogoff is an American economist and Harvard professor known for his influential work on international finance, monetary policy, and financial crises, and for serving as chief economist of the International Monetary Fund.
  • E. Simon Johnson
    Simon Johnson is an economist known for his work on financial crises, institutions, and economic development, and for co-authoring influential books such as "Why Nations Fail" with Daron Acemoglu.
  • F. None of above. chosen
  • G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NEDg Description generation gpt-5.1
Instruction
Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. 
You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. 
# Instructions
Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. 
Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential.
# Response Format
Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"
Input
Entity: Richard Koo
Triple: [balance sheet recession theory, developedBy, Richard Koo]
Generated description
Richard Koo is a Taiwanese-American economist best known for formulating the concept of balance sheet recessions and analyzing Japan’s prolonged economic stagnation.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Richard Koo
Target entity description: Richard Koo is a Taiwanese-American economist best known for formulating the concept of balance sheet recessions and analyzing Japan’s prolonged economic stagnation.
  • A. Nobuhiro Kiyotaki
    Nobuhiro Kiyotaki is a prominent Japanese macroeconomist best known for his influential work on credit cycles, financial frictions, and the Kiyotaki–Moore model.
  • B. Ha-Joon Chang
    Ha-Joon Chang is a South Korean institutional economist and author known for his critical views on free-market orthodoxy and influential works on development economics and industrial policy.
  • C. Nouriel Roubini
    Nouriel Roubini is an Iranian-American economist and New York University professor known for accurately predicting the 2008 global financial crisis and for his often pessimistic macroeconomic forecasts.
  • D. Kenneth Rogoff
    Kenneth Rogoff is an American economist and Harvard professor known for his influential work on international finance, monetary policy, and financial crises, and for serving as chief economist of the International Monetary Fund.
  • E. Simon Johnson
    Simon Johnson is an economist known for his work on financial crises, institutions, and economic development, and for co-authoring influential books such as "Why Nations Fail" with Daron Acemoglu.
  • F. None of above. chosen

Provenance (5 batches)

The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.

Step Stage Batch ID Status When
creating Elicitation batch_69d86da750008190987eb26be3f6c118 completed April 10, 2026, 3:25 a.m.
NER Named-entity recognition batch_69e156ac934c8190b6178eb66023252e completed April 16, 2026, 9:37 p.m.
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) batch_69ffb5b8121881909b15bf6451d3d3a8 completed May 9, 2026, 10:31 p.m.
NEDg Description generation batch_69ffb718d60481908ac0034ed8d8abc5 completed May 9, 2026, 10:37 p.m.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) batch_69ffb7c98cf8819097c7012040dbfe89 completed May 9, 2026, 10:40 p.m.
Created at: April 10, 2026, 4:53 a.m.