Triple

T15914532
Position Surface form Disambiguated ID Type / Status
Subject Alfred E. Kahn E385934 entity
Predicate notableWork P4 FINISHED
Object The Economics of Regulation
The Economics of Regulation is a seminal two-volume work by economist Alfred E. Kahn that systematically analyzes the theory and practice of government regulation of industries, especially public utilities.
E1182694 NE FINISHED

How this triple was built (4 steps)

Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.

NER Named-entity recognition gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: The Economics of Regulation | Statement: [Alfred E. Kahn, notableWork, The Economics of Regulation]
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: The Economics of Regulation
Context triple: [Alfred E. Kahn, notableWork, The Economics of Regulation]
  • A. Improving Regulation and Regulatory Review
    "Improving Regulation and Regulatory Review" is the formal title of Executive Order 13563, a U.S. presidential directive aimed at modernizing and streamlining the federal regulatory system to enhance efficiency, transparency, and public participation.
  • B. Penn Program on Regulation
    The Penn Program on Regulation is a research and policy initiative at the University of Pennsylvania focused on improving the design, implementation, and understanding of regulatory systems across diverse sectors.
  • C. Reports on the relation of transportation regulation to corporate power
    "Reports on the relation of transportation regulation to corporate power" is an investigative study by the U.S. Bureau of Corporations analyzing how government oversight of transportation affects the influence and practices of large corporations.
  • D. Markets and Hierarchies: Analysis and Antitrust Implications
    Markets and Hierarchies: Analysis and Antitrust Implications is a seminal 1975 book in transaction cost economics that examines how firms and markets are structured and the implications of these organizational forms for antitrust policy.
  • E. The Antitrust Paradox
    The Antitrust Paradox is a highly influential 1978 book by legal scholar Robert Bork that reshaped U.S. antitrust law by arguing that its primary goal should be the protection of consumer welfare rather than competitors.
  • F. None of above. chosen
  • G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NEDg Description generation gpt-5.1
Instruction
Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. 
You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. 
# Instructions
Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. 
Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential.
# Response Format
Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"
Input
Entity: The Economics of Regulation
Triple: [Alfred E. Kahn, notableWork, The Economics of Regulation]
Generated description
The Economics of Regulation is a seminal two-volume work by economist Alfred E. Kahn that systematically analyzes the theory and practice of government regulation of industries, especially public utilities.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: The Economics of Regulation
Target entity description: The Economics of Regulation is a seminal two-volume work by economist Alfred E. Kahn that systematically analyzes the theory and practice of government regulation of industries, especially public utilities.
  • A. Improving Regulation and Regulatory Review
    "Improving Regulation and Regulatory Review" is the formal title of Executive Order 13563, a U.S. presidential directive aimed at modernizing and streamlining the federal regulatory system to enhance efficiency, transparency, and public participation.
  • B. Penn Program on Regulation
    The Penn Program on Regulation is a research and policy initiative at the University of Pennsylvania focused on improving the design, implementation, and understanding of regulatory systems across diverse sectors.
  • C. Reports on the relation of transportation regulation to corporate power
    "Reports on the relation of transportation regulation to corporate power" is an investigative study by the U.S. Bureau of Corporations analyzing how government oversight of transportation affects the influence and practices of large corporations.
  • D. Markets and Hierarchies: Analysis and Antitrust Implications
    Markets and Hierarchies: Analysis and Antitrust Implications is a seminal 1975 book in transaction cost economics that examines how firms and markets are structured and the implications of these organizational forms for antitrust policy.
  • E. The Antitrust Paradox
    The Antitrust Paradox is a highly influential 1978 book by legal scholar Robert Bork that reshaped U.S. antitrust law by arguing that its primary goal should be the protection of consumer welfare rather than competitors.
  • F. None of above. chosen

Provenance (5 batches)

The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.

Step Stage Batch ID Status When
creating Elicitation batch_69d86da686e4819097cbf3b1fc2d881d completed April 10, 2026, 3:25 a.m.
NER Named-entity recognition batch_69e1566216d481908dd6e3acaa26fd45 completed April 16, 2026, 9:36 p.m.
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) batch_69ffb0592b5c8190a4597644864a6bcb completed May 9, 2026, 10:08 p.m.
NEDg Description generation batch_69ffb0ef7f3081908744a759bb3e4e8c completed May 9, 2026, 10:10 p.m.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) batch_69ffb1dbd7d08190b84ae201e0866139 completed May 9, 2026, 10:14 p.m.
Created at: April 10, 2026, 4:52 a.m.