Triple
T15914532
| Position | Surface form | Disambiguated ID | Type / Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| Subject | Alfred E. Kahn |
E385934
|
entity |
| Predicate | notableWork |
P4
|
FINISHED |
| Object |
The Economics of Regulation
The Economics of Regulation is a seminal two-volume work by economist Alfred E. Kahn that systematically analyzes the theory and practice of government regulation of industries, especially public utilities.
|
E1182694
|
NE FINISHED |
How this triple was built (4 steps)
Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.
NER
Named-entity recognition
gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: The Economics of Regulation | Statement: [Alfred E. Kahn, notableWork, The Economics of Regulation]
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: The Economics of Regulation Context triple: [Alfred E. Kahn, notableWork, The Economics of Regulation]
-
A.
Improving Regulation and Regulatory Review
"Improving Regulation and Regulatory Review" is the formal title of Executive Order 13563, a U.S. presidential directive aimed at modernizing and streamlining the federal regulatory system to enhance efficiency, transparency, and public participation.
-
B.
Penn Program on Regulation
The Penn Program on Regulation is a research and policy initiative at the University of Pennsylvania focused on improving the design, implementation, and understanding of regulatory systems across diverse sectors.
-
C.
Reports on the relation of transportation regulation to corporate power
"Reports on the relation of transportation regulation to corporate power" is an investigative study by the U.S. Bureau of Corporations analyzing how government oversight of transportation affects the influence and practices of large corporations.
-
D.
Markets and Hierarchies: Analysis and Antitrust Implications
Markets and Hierarchies: Analysis and Antitrust Implications is a seminal 1975 book in transaction cost economics that examines how firms and markets are structured and the implications of these organizational forms for antitrust policy.
-
E.
The Antitrust Paradox
The Antitrust Paradox is a highly influential 1978 book by legal scholar Robert Bork that reshaped U.S. antitrust law by arguing that its primary goal should be the protection of consumer welfare rather than competitors.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NEDg
Description generation
gpt-5.1
Instruction
Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. # Instructions Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential. # Response Format Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"
Input
Entity: The Economics of Regulation Triple: [Alfred E. Kahn, notableWork, The Economics of Regulation]
Generated description
The Economics of Regulation is a seminal two-volume work by economist Alfred E. Kahn that systematically analyzes the theory and practice of government regulation of industries, especially public utilities.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: The Economics of Regulation Target entity description: The Economics of Regulation is a seminal two-volume work by economist Alfred E. Kahn that systematically analyzes the theory and practice of government regulation of industries, especially public utilities.
-
A.
Improving Regulation and Regulatory Review
"Improving Regulation and Regulatory Review" is the formal title of Executive Order 13563, a U.S. presidential directive aimed at modernizing and streamlining the federal regulatory system to enhance efficiency, transparency, and public participation.
-
B.
Penn Program on Regulation
The Penn Program on Regulation is a research and policy initiative at the University of Pennsylvania focused on improving the design, implementation, and understanding of regulatory systems across diverse sectors.
-
C.
Reports on the relation of transportation regulation to corporate power
"Reports on the relation of transportation regulation to corporate power" is an investigative study by the U.S. Bureau of Corporations analyzing how government oversight of transportation affects the influence and practices of large corporations.
-
D.
Markets and Hierarchies: Analysis and Antitrust Implications
Markets and Hierarchies: Analysis and Antitrust Implications is a seminal 1975 book in transaction cost economics that examines how firms and markets are structured and the implications of these organizational forms for antitrust policy.
-
E.
The Antitrust Paradox
The Antitrust Paradox is a highly influential 1978 book by legal scholar Robert Bork that reshaped U.S. antitrust law by arguing that its primary goal should be the protection of consumer welfare rather than competitors.
- F. None of above. chosen
Provenance (5 batches)
The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.
| Step | Stage | Batch ID | Status | When |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| creating | Elicitation | batch_69d86da686e4819097cbf3b1fc2d881d |
completed | April 10, 2026, 3:25 a.m. |
| NER | Named-entity recognition | batch_69e1566216d481908dd6e3acaa26fd45 |
completed | April 16, 2026, 9:36 p.m. |
| NED1 | Entity disambiguation (via context triple) | batch_69ffb0592b5c8190a4597644864a6bcb |
completed | May 9, 2026, 10:08 p.m. |
| NEDg | Description generation | batch_69ffb0ef7f3081908744a759bb3e4e8c |
completed | May 9, 2026, 10:10 p.m. |
| NED2 | Entity disambiguation (via description) | batch_69ffb1dbd7d08190b84ae201e0866139 |
completed | May 9, 2026, 10:14 p.m. |
Created at: April 10, 2026, 4:52 a.m.