Triple

T15860233
Position Surface form Disambiguated ID Type / Status
Subject Riesz–Fischer theorem E384563 entity
Predicate implies P1661 FINISHED
Object Parseval identity for orthonormal systems in L^2
The Parseval identity for orthonormal systems in \(L^2\) is a fundamental result in functional analysis stating that the squared norm of a function equals the sum of the squares of its Fourier (or orthonormal expansion) coefficients, expressing energy conservation between a function and its orthonormal series representation.
E1180031 NE FINISHED

How this triple was built (4 steps)

Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.

NER Named-entity recognition gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: Parseval identity for orthonormal systems in L^2 | Statement: [Riesz–Fischer theorem, implies, Parseval identity for orthonormal systems in L^2]
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Parseval identity for orthonormal systems in L^2
Context triple: [Riesz–Fischer theorem, implies, Parseval identity for orthonormal systems in L^2]
  • A. Paley–Wiener theorem
    The Paley–Wiener theorem is a fundamental result in harmonic analysis that characterizes which functions arise as Fourier transforms of compactly supported functions (or distributions), linking analytic properties of entire functions with support properties in the original domain.
  • B. Dirichlet theorem on Fourier series
    The Dirichlet theorem on Fourier series gives conditions under which a periodic function can be represented by a convergent Fourier series, specifying how and where the series converges to the function.
  • C. Littlewood–Paley theory
    Littlewood–Paley theory is a collection of techniques in harmonic analysis that decompose functions into frequency-localized pieces to study their behavior in L^p spaces and related function spaces.
  • D. Carleson theorem on almost-everywhere convergence
    The Carleson theorem on almost-everywhere convergence is a fundamental result in harmonic analysis stating that the Fourier series of any square-integrable function on the circle converges almost everywhere to the function itself.
  • E. Riesz basis
    A Riesz basis is a sequence in a Hilbert space that is complete and behaves like an orthonormal basis up to a bounded, invertible linear transformation, allowing stable and unique expansions of vectors.
  • F. None of above. chosen
  • G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NEDg Description generation gpt-5.1
Instruction
Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. 
You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. 
# Instructions
Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. 
Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential.
# Response Format
Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"
Input
Entity: Parseval identity for orthonormal systems in L^2
Triple: [Riesz–Fischer theorem, implies, Parseval identity for orthonormal systems in L^2]
Generated description
The Parseval identity for orthonormal systems in \(L^2\) is a fundamental result in functional analysis stating that the squared norm of a function equals the sum of the squares of its Fourier (or orthonormal expansion) coefficients, expressing energy conservation between a function and its orthonormal series representation.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Parseval identity for orthonormal systems in L^2
Target entity description: The Parseval identity for orthonormal systems in \(L^2\) is a fundamental result in functional analysis stating that the squared norm of a function equals the sum of the squares of its Fourier (or orthonormal expansion) coefficients, expressing energy conservation between a function and its orthonormal series representation.
  • A. Paley–Wiener theorem
    The Paley–Wiener theorem is a fundamental result in harmonic analysis that characterizes which functions arise as Fourier transforms of compactly supported functions (or distributions), linking analytic properties of entire functions with support properties in the original domain.
  • B. Dirichlet theorem on Fourier series
    The Dirichlet theorem on Fourier series gives conditions under which a periodic function can be represented by a convergent Fourier series, specifying how and where the series converges to the function.
  • C. Littlewood–Paley theory
    Littlewood–Paley theory is a collection of techniques in harmonic analysis that decompose functions into frequency-localized pieces to study their behavior in L^p spaces and related function spaces.
  • D. Carleson theorem on almost-everywhere convergence
    The Carleson theorem on almost-everywhere convergence is a fundamental result in harmonic analysis stating that the Fourier series of any square-integrable function on the circle converges almost everywhere to the function itself.
  • E. Riesz basis
    A Riesz basis is a sequence in a Hilbert space that is complete and behaves like an orthonormal basis up to a bounded, invertible linear transformation, allowing stable and unique expansions of vectors.
  • F. None of above. chosen

Provenance (5 batches)

The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.

Step Stage Batch ID Status When
creating Elicitation batch_69d86da422088190aac39e32e6c68429 completed April 10, 2026, 3:25 a.m.
NER Named-entity recognition batch_69e1555a1f008190bb3f03b0f35ed8a4 completed April 16, 2026, 9:32 p.m.
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) batch_69ffa14da7ac8190bbef49a1602a76fe completed May 9, 2026, 9:04 p.m.
NEDg Description generation batch_69ffa41b33cc819096553ee33b144d36 completed May 9, 2026, 9:16 p.m.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) batch_69ffa4a168108190b6edf41830aa4cd0 completed May 9, 2026, 9:18 p.m.
Created at: April 10, 2026, 4:50 a.m.