Triple

T15744102
Position Surface form Disambiguated ID Type / Status
Subject Theodore Lyman E381674 entity
Predicate notableWork P4 FINISHED
Object Studies of the hydrogen spectrum in the ultraviolet
"Studies of the hydrogen spectrum in the ultraviolet" is a landmark scientific work by physicist Theodore Lyman that detailed his pioneering discoveries of the ultraviolet spectral lines of hydrogen, now known as the Lyman series.
E1174261 NE FINISHED

How this triple was built (4 steps)

Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.

NER Named-entity recognition gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: Studies of the hydrogen spectrum in the ultraviolet | Statement: [Theodore Lyman, notableWork, Studies of the hydrogen spectrum in the ultraviolet]
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Studies of the hydrogen spectrum in the ultraviolet
Context triple: [Theodore Lyman, notableWork, Studies of the hydrogen spectrum in the ultraviolet]
  • A. Herzberg trilogy on molecular spectra
    The Herzberg trilogy on molecular spectra is a foundational multi-volume work that systematically presents the theory and experimental data of molecular spectroscopy, authored by Nobel laureate Gerhard Herzberg.
  • B. Theory of Atomic Spectra (1935)
    Theory of Atomic Spectra (1935) is a foundational physics monograph by Edward Condon that systematically develops the quantum-mechanical theory underlying atomic spectral lines and their structure.
  • C. Rydberg–Ritz combination principle
    The Rydberg–Ritz combination principle is a rule in atomic spectroscopy stating that the frequencies (or wavenumbers) of spectral lines can be expressed as differences between terms in a series, enabling systematic prediction and classification of atomic spectra.
  • D. Recherches sur le spectre solaire
    Recherches sur le spectre solaire is a foundational 19th-century scientific work by Anders Jonas Ångström that systematically analyzed the solar spectrum and advanced the study of spectroscopy.
  • E. Balmer series of hydrogen
    The Balmer series of hydrogen is the set of spectral emission lines in the visible region produced when electrons in a hydrogen atom transition from higher energy levels down to the second principal energy level.
  • F. None of above. chosen
  • G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NEDg Description generation gpt-5.1
Instruction
Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. 
You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. 
# Instructions
Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. 
Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential.
# Response Format
Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"
Input
Entity: Studies of the hydrogen spectrum in the ultraviolet
Triple: [Theodore Lyman, notableWork, Studies of the hydrogen spectrum in the ultraviolet]
Generated description
"Studies of the hydrogen spectrum in the ultraviolet" is a landmark scientific work by physicist Theodore Lyman that detailed his pioneering discoveries of the ultraviolet spectral lines of hydrogen, now known as the Lyman series.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Studies of the hydrogen spectrum in the ultraviolet
Target entity description: "Studies of the hydrogen spectrum in the ultraviolet" is a landmark scientific work by physicist Theodore Lyman that detailed his pioneering discoveries of the ultraviolet spectral lines of hydrogen, now known as the Lyman series.
  • A. Herzberg trilogy on molecular spectra
    The Herzberg trilogy on molecular spectra is a foundational multi-volume work that systematically presents the theory and experimental data of molecular spectroscopy, authored by Nobel laureate Gerhard Herzberg.
  • B. Theory of Atomic Spectra (1935)
    Theory of Atomic Spectra (1935) is a foundational physics monograph by Edward Condon that systematically develops the quantum-mechanical theory underlying atomic spectral lines and their structure.
  • C. Rydberg–Ritz combination principle
    The Rydberg–Ritz combination principle is a rule in atomic spectroscopy stating that the frequencies (or wavenumbers) of spectral lines can be expressed as differences between terms in a series, enabling systematic prediction and classification of atomic spectra.
  • D. Recherches sur le spectre solaire
    Recherches sur le spectre solaire is a foundational 19th-century scientific work by Anders Jonas Ångström that systematically analyzed the solar spectrum and advanced the study of spectroscopy.
  • E. Balmer series of hydrogen
    The Balmer series of hydrogen is the set of spectral emission lines in the visible region produced when electrons in a hydrogen atom transition from higher energy levels down to the second principal energy level.
  • F. None of above. chosen

Provenance (5 batches)

The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.

Step Stage Batch ID Status When
creating Elicitation batch_69d86d9e6b44819085d1f6a969ecb74c completed April 10, 2026, 3:25 a.m.
NER Named-entity recognition batch_69e0502c0c3c8190b8e512df307039c1 completed April 16, 2026, 2:57 a.m.
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) batch_69ff8307824881909ba85e4c3da65d28 completed May 9, 2026, 6:55 p.m.
NEDg Description generation batch_69ff83ca33d08190816130bf2ea735df completed May 9, 2026, 6:58 p.m.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) batch_69ff846436e48190b711da134c9a3b81 completed May 9, 2026, 7 p.m.
Created at: April 10, 2026, 4:46 a.m.