Triple
T15742312
| Position | Surface form | Disambiguated ID | Type / Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| Subject | A Contribution to the Theory of Taxation |
E381629
|
entity |
| Predicate | hasAlternativeName |
P39
|
FINISHED |
| Object | Ramsey’s optimal taxation paper |
E381629
|
NE FINISHED |
How this triple was built (2 steps)
Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.
NER
Named-entity recognition
gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: Ramsey’s optimal taxation paper | Statement: [A Contribution to the Theory of Taxation, hasAlternativeName, Ramsey’s optimal taxation paper]
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Ramsey’s optimal taxation paper Context triple: [A Contribution to the Theory of Taxation, hasAlternativeName, Ramsey’s optimal taxation paper]
-
A.
1927 paper "A Contribution to the Theory of Taxation"
chosen
The 1927 paper "A Contribution to the Theory of Taxation" is Frank P. Ramsey’s foundational work in public economics that introduced the optimal taxation framework now known as Ramsey pricing.
-
B.
Recursive Macroeconomic Theory by Lars Ljungqvist and Thomas J. Sargent
"Recursive Macroeconomic Theory" by Lars Ljungqvist and Thomas J. Sargent is a graduate-level textbook that develops modern dynamic macroeconomics using recursive methods, with a strong emphasis on rigorous microfoundations and applications to topics such as growth, unemployment, and monetary and fiscal policy.
-
C.
The Elasticity of Taxable Income: Evidence and Implications
"The Elasticity of Taxable Income: Evidence and Implications" is a highly influential economics paper by Emmanuel Saez that analyzes how taxpayers respond to changes in marginal tax rates and draws policy conclusions for optimal tax design.
-
D.
On the Theory of Economic Policy
On the Theory of Economic Policy is a foundational work in economics by Jan Tinbergen that systematically analyzes how governments can design and coordinate economic policies using formal models and quantitative methods.
-
E.
“On the Determination of the Public Debt”
“On the Determination of the Public Debt” is a seminal economic paper that analyzes how government borrowing decisions affect intergenerational distribution, fiscal policy, and the sustainability of public debt.
- F. None of above.
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
Provenance (3 batches)
The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.
| Step | Stage | Batch ID | Status | When |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| creating | Elicitation | batch_69d86d9cdb648190bf3171be0bd7d872 |
completed | April 10, 2026, 3:25 a.m. |
| NER | Named-entity recognition | batch_69e04fd97d6c8190b2fa6ca422bfe512 |
completed | April 16, 2026, 2:56 a.m. |
| NED1 | Entity disambiguation (via context triple) | batch_69ff876b7fd081909d84ebe7a4cdb675 |
completed | May 9, 2026, 7:13 p.m. |
Created at: April 10, 2026, 4:46 a.m.