Triple

T15733034
Position Surface form Disambiguated ID Type / Status
Subject Buchwald–Hartwig amination E381391 entity
Predicate relatedTo P37 FINISHED
Object Chan–Lam coupling
Chan–Lam coupling is a copper-mediated cross-coupling reaction that forms C–N, C–O, and C–C bonds by coupling boronic acids with nucleophiles under mild, often aerobic conditions.
E1174550 NE FINISHED

How this triple was built (4 steps)

Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.

NER Named-entity recognition gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: Chan–Lam coupling | Statement: [Buchwald–Hartwig amination, relatedTo, Chan–Lam coupling]
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Chan–Lam coupling
Context triple: [Buchwald–Hartwig amination, relatedTo, Chan–Lam coupling]
  • A. Yukawa coupling
    The Yukawa coupling is a parameter in quantum field theory that quantifies the strength of interaction between a scalar field (such as the Higgs field) and a fermion, determining the fermion’s mass after symmetry breaking.
  • B. Coupling
    Coupling is a British television sitcom created and written by Steven Moffat that follows the intertwined romantic and social lives of six friends, often compared to Friends for its ensemble cast and relationship-focused comedy.
  • C. Esaki–Tsu relation
    The Esaki–Tsu relation is a fundamental formula in semiconductor physics that describes the nonlinear current–voltage characteristics and negative differential conductivity of electrons in superlattices under high electric fields.
  • D. Parisi–Sourlas mechanism
    The Parisi–Sourlas mechanism is a theoretical physics concept showing how certain stochastic systems in higher dimensions can be mapped to supersymmetric field theories in lower dimensions, revealing hidden supersymmetry and dimensional reduction.
  • E. Huang–Rhys factor
    The Huang–Rhys factor is a dimensionless parameter in solid-state and molecular spectroscopy that quantifies the strength of electron–phonon (vibronic) coupling during electronic transitions.
  • F. None of above. chosen
  • G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NEDg Description generation gpt-5.1
Instruction
Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. 
You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. 
# Instructions
Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. 
Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential.
# Response Format
Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"
Input
Entity: Chan–Lam coupling
Triple: [Buchwald–Hartwig amination, relatedTo, Chan–Lam coupling]
Generated description
Chan–Lam coupling is a copper-mediated cross-coupling reaction that forms C–N, C–O, and C–C bonds by coupling boronic acids with nucleophiles under mild, often aerobic conditions.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Chan–Lam coupling
Target entity description: Chan–Lam coupling is a copper-mediated cross-coupling reaction that forms C–N, C–O, and C–C bonds by coupling boronic acids with nucleophiles under mild, often aerobic conditions.
  • A. Yukawa coupling
    The Yukawa coupling is a parameter in quantum field theory that quantifies the strength of interaction between a scalar field (such as the Higgs field) and a fermion, determining the fermion’s mass after symmetry breaking.
  • B. Coupling
    Coupling is a British television sitcom created and written by Steven Moffat that follows the intertwined romantic and social lives of six friends, often compared to Friends for its ensemble cast and relationship-focused comedy.
  • C. Esaki–Tsu relation
    The Esaki–Tsu relation is a fundamental formula in semiconductor physics that describes the nonlinear current–voltage characteristics and negative differential conductivity of electrons in superlattices under high electric fields.
  • D. Parisi–Sourlas mechanism
    The Parisi–Sourlas mechanism is a theoretical physics concept showing how certain stochastic systems in higher dimensions can be mapped to supersymmetric field theories in lower dimensions, revealing hidden supersymmetry and dimensional reduction.
  • E. Huang–Rhys factor
    The Huang–Rhys factor is a dimensionless parameter in solid-state and molecular spectroscopy that quantifies the strength of electron–phonon (vibronic) coupling during electronic transitions.
  • F. None of above. chosen

Provenance (5 batches)

The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.

Step Stage Batch ID Status When
creating Elicitation batch_69d86d9cdb648190bf3171be0bd7d872 completed April 10, 2026, 3:25 a.m.
NER Named-entity recognition batch_69e04fd3614481908b2694b1d3550058 completed April 16, 2026, 2:56 a.m.
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) batch_69ff82fed7888190b45f28ac91e0079e completed May 9, 2026, 6:54 p.m.
NEDg Description generation batch_69ff83b7a534819090e24491579376c3 completed May 9, 2026, 6:57 p.m.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) batch_69ff844fa00c8190a47eb46394db097b completed May 9, 2026, 7 p.m.
Created at: April 10, 2026, 4:46 a.m.