Triple

T15733033
Position Surface form Disambiguated ID Type / Status
Subject Buchwald–Hartwig amination E381391 entity
Predicate relatedTo P37 FINISHED
Object Ullmann reaction
The Ullmann reaction is a classic copper-catalyzed cross-coupling process that forms carbon–heteroatom or carbon–carbon bonds, historically important in aryl ether and amine synthesis.
 E1174549 NE FINISHED

How this triple was built (4 steps)

Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.

NER Named-entity recognition gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: Ullmann reaction | Statement: [Buchwald–Hartwig amination, relatedTo, Ullmann reaction]
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07 
Target entity: Ullmann reaction
Context triple: [Buchwald–Hartwig amination, relatedTo, Ullmann reaction]
  • A. Chichibabin reaction
    The Chichibabin reaction is an organic chemistry transformation that introduces an amino group into heteroaromatic compounds, especially pyridines, using sodium amide.
  • B. Heck reaction
    The Heck reaction is a palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling between alkenes and aryl or vinyl halides, widely used in organic synthesis to form carbon–carbon bonds.
  • C. Buchwald–Hartwig amination
    The Buchwald–Hartwig amination is a palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling reaction that forms carbon–nitrogen bonds by coupling aryl (or vinyl) halides with amines, widely used in the synthesis of pharmaceuticals and fine chemicals.
  • D. Kumada coupling
    Kumada coupling is a palladium- or nickel-catalyzed cross-coupling reaction between Grignard reagents and organic halides used to form carbon–carbon bonds in organic synthesis.
  • E. Michaelis–Arbuzov reaction
    The Michaelis–Arbuzov reaction is an organic transformation in which trialkyl phosphites react with alkyl halides to form phosphonates, widely used in the synthesis of organophosphorus compounds.
  • F. None of above. chosen
  • G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NEDg Description generation gpt-5.1
Instruction
Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. 
You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. 
# Instructions
Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. 
Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential.
# Response Format
Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"
Input
Entity: Ullmann reaction
Triple: [Buchwald–Hartwig amination, relatedTo, Ullmann reaction]
Generated description
The Ullmann reaction is a classic copper-catalyzed cross-coupling process that forms carbon–heteroatom or carbon–carbon bonds, historically important in aryl ether and amine synthesis.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07 
Target entity: Ullmann reaction
Target entity description: The Ullmann reaction is a classic copper-catalyzed cross-coupling process that forms carbon–heteroatom or carbon–carbon bonds, historically important in aryl ether and amine synthesis.
  • A. Chichibabin reaction
    The Chichibabin reaction is an organic chemistry transformation that introduces an amino group into heteroaromatic compounds, especially pyridines, using sodium amide.
  • B. Heck reaction
    The Heck reaction is a palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling between alkenes and aryl or vinyl halides, widely used in organic synthesis to form carbon–carbon bonds.
  • C. Buchwald–Hartwig amination
    The Buchwald–Hartwig amination is a palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling reaction that forms carbon–nitrogen bonds by coupling aryl (or vinyl) halides with amines, widely used in the synthesis of pharmaceuticals and fine chemicals.
  • D. Kumada coupling
    Kumada coupling is a palladium- or nickel-catalyzed cross-coupling reaction between Grignard reagents and organic halides used to form carbon–carbon bonds in organic synthesis.
  • E. Michaelis–Arbuzov reaction
    The Michaelis–Arbuzov reaction is an organic transformation in which trialkyl phosphites react with alkyl halides to form phosphonates, widely used in the synthesis of organophosphorus compounds.
  • F. None of above. chosen

Provenance (5 batches)

The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.

Step Stage Batch ID Status When
creating Elicitation batch_69d86d9cdb648190bf3171be0bd7d872 completed April 10, 2026, 3:25 a.m.
NER Named-entity recognition batch_69e04fd3614481908b2694b1d3550058 completed April 16, 2026, 2:56 a.m.
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) batch_69ff82fed7888190b45f28ac91e0079e completed May 9, 2026, 6:54 p.m.
NEDg Description generation batch_69ff83b7a534819090e24491579376c3 completed May 9, 2026, 6:57 p.m.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) batch_69ff844fa00c8190a47eb46394db097b completed May 9, 2026, 7 p.m.
Created at: April 10, 2026, 4:46 a.m.