Triple
T1567756
| Position | Surface form | Disambiguated ID | Type / Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| Subject | Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission |
E33469
|
entity |
| Predicate | overruledPrecedent |
P2251
|
FINISHED |
| Object |
Austin v. Michigan Chamber of Commerce
Austin v. Michigan Chamber of Commerce was a 1990 U.S. Supreme Court case that upheld restrictions on corporate independent political expenditures under the First Amendment until it was later overturned by Citizens United.
|
E176891
|
NE FINISHED |
How this triple was built (4 steps)
Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.
NER
Named-entity recognition
gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: Austin v. Michigan Chamber of Commerce | Statement: [Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission, overruledPrecedent, Austin v. Michigan Chamber of Commerce]
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Austin v. Michigan Chamber of Commerce Context triple: [Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission, overruledPrecedent, Austin v. Michigan Chamber of Commerce]
-
A.
Branch v. Texas
Branch v. Texas is a U.S. Supreme Court case addressing the constitutionality and application of the death penalty in the wake of the landmark Furman v. Georgia decision.
-
B.
Alexander v. Sandoval
Alexander v. Sandoval is a 2001 U.S. Supreme Court decision that held there is no private right of action to enforce disparate-impact regulations under Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964.
-
C.
Chamber of Commerce v. Whiting
Chamber of Commerce v. Whiting is a 2011 U.S. Supreme Court case that upheld an Arizona law allowing the state to revoke business licenses of employers who knowingly hire unauthorized immigrants, ruling that it was not preempted by federal immigration law.
-
D.
Timbs v. Indiana
Timbs v. Indiana is a 2019 U.S. Supreme Court case that held the Eighth Amendment’s Excessive Fines Clause applies to the states through the Fourteenth Amendment.
-
E.
Milliken v. Bradley
Milliken v. Bradley is a landmark 1974 U.S. Supreme Court decision that limited the scope of school desegregation remedies by ruling that courts could not impose cross-district busing plans absent proof of interdistrict segregation.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NEDg
Description generation
gpt-5.1
Instruction
Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. # Instructions Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential. # Response Format Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"
Input
Entity: Austin v. Michigan Chamber of Commerce Triple: [Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission, overruledPrecedent, Austin v. Michigan Chamber of Commerce]
Generated description
Austin v. Michigan Chamber of Commerce was a 1990 U.S. Supreme Court case that upheld restrictions on corporate independent political expenditures under the First Amendment until it was later overturned by Citizens United.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Austin v. Michigan Chamber of Commerce Target entity description: Austin v. Michigan Chamber of Commerce was a 1990 U.S. Supreme Court case that upheld restrictions on corporate independent political expenditures under the First Amendment until it was later overturned by Citizens United.
-
A.
Branch v. Texas
Branch v. Texas is a U.S. Supreme Court case addressing the constitutionality and application of the death penalty in the wake of the landmark Furman v. Georgia decision.
-
B.
Alexander v. Sandoval
Alexander v. Sandoval is a 2001 U.S. Supreme Court decision that held there is no private right of action to enforce disparate-impact regulations under Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964.
-
C.
Chamber of Commerce v. Whiting
Chamber of Commerce v. Whiting is a 2011 U.S. Supreme Court case that upheld an Arizona law allowing the state to revoke business licenses of employers who knowingly hire unauthorized immigrants, ruling that it was not preempted by federal immigration law.
-
D.
Timbs v. Indiana
Timbs v. Indiana is a 2019 U.S. Supreme Court case that held the Eighth Amendment’s Excessive Fines Clause applies to the states through the Fourteenth Amendment.
-
E.
Milliken v. Bradley
Milliken v. Bradley is a landmark 1974 U.S. Supreme Court decision that limited the scope of school desegregation remedies by ruling that courts could not impose cross-district busing plans absent proof of interdistrict segregation.
- F. None of above. chosen
Provenance (5 batches)
The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.
| Step | Stage | Batch ID | Status | When |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| creating | Elicitation | batch_69a885f11b048190935025a035302715 |
completed | March 4, 2026, 7:20 p.m. |
| NER | Named-entity recognition | batch_69a908a0314c8190a5ce3e32dd9035db |
completed | March 5, 2026, 4:37 a.m. |
| NED1 | Entity disambiguation (via context triple) | batch_69ad371b99fc8190b8af03444fd1252b |
completed | March 8, 2026, 8:45 a.m. |
| NEDg | Description generation | batch_69ad37e306948190bbaa14829ce094e6 |
completed | March 8, 2026, 8:48 a.m. |
| NED2 | Entity disambiguation (via description) | batch_69ad38d20b608190b95ff9906cfd9f83 |
completed | March 8, 2026, 8:52 a.m. |
Created at: March 4, 2026, 7:27 p.m.