Triple

T15515339
Position Surface form Disambiguated ID Type / Status
Subject Born expansion of Green’s function E368820 entity
Predicate representationType P21655 FINISHED
Object Neumann series
The Neumann series is an infinite series expansion used to represent the inverse of an operator or solve integral and differential equations, analogous to a geometric series in functional analysis.
E1162364 NE FINISHED

How this triple was built (4 steps)

Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.

NER Named-entity recognition gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: Neumann series | Statement: [Born expansion of Green’s function, representationType, Neumann series]
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Neumann series
Context triple: [Born expansion of Green’s function, representationType, Neumann series]
  • A. Hahn series
    Hahn series are formal power series with exponents in an ordered abelian group and well-ordered supports, providing a general framework for constructing large ordered fields that include structures like the surreal numbers.
  • B. Cesàro summation
    Cesàro summation is a method of assigning finite values to certain divergent series by averaging their partial sums.
  • C. Picard iteration
    Picard iteration is a successive approximation method used to construct solutions to ordinary differential equations and establish their existence and uniqueness.
  • D. Taylor series
    A Taylor series is an infinite sum of terms calculated from the derivatives of a function at a single point, used to represent and approximate functions as power series.
  • E. Lambert series
    Lambert series are special infinite series in number theory and analysis, often involving arithmetic functions and powers of a variable, introduced by Johann Heinrich Lambert and used in the study of modular forms and q-series.
  • F. None of above. chosen
  • G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NEDg Description generation gpt-5.1
Instruction
Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. 
You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. 
# Instructions
Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. 
Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential.
# Response Format
Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"
Input
Entity: Neumann series
Triple: [Born expansion of Green’s function, representationType, Neumann series]
Generated description
The Neumann series is an infinite series expansion used to represent the inverse of an operator or solve integral and differential equations, analogous to a geometric series in functional analysis.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Neumann series
Target entity description: The Neumann series is an infinite series expansion used to represent the inverse of an operator or solve integral and differential equations, analogous to a geometric series in functional analysis.
  • A. Hahn series
    Hahn series are formal power series with exponents in an ordered abelian group and well-ordered supports, providing a general framework for constructing large ordered fields that include structures like the surreal numbers.
  • B. Cesàro summation
    Cesàro summation is a method of assigning finite values to certain divergent series by averaging their partial sums.
  • C. Picard iteration
    Picard iteration is a successive approximation method used to construct solutions to ordinary differential equations and establish their existence and uniqueness.
  • D. Taylor series
    A Taylor series is an infinite sum of terms calculated from the derivatives of a function at a single point, used to represent and approximate functions as power series.
  • E. Lambert series
    Lambert series are special infinite series in number theory and analysis, often involving arithmetic functions and powers of a variable, introduced by Johann Heinrich Lambert and used in the study of modular forms and q-series.
  • F. None of above. chosen

Provenance (5 batches)

The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.

Step Stage Batch ID Status When
creating Elicitation batch_69d85a1794cc8190b0b428716296e63e completed April 10, 2026, 2:01 a.m.
NER Named-entity recognition batch_69e04031e62c8190953b61207142af15 completed April 16, 2026, 1:49 a.m.
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) batch_69ff3d4edee481908382ca5cd266f7b0 completed May 9, 2026, 1:57 p.m.
NEDg Description generation batch_69ff3f59213c8190a9c98350225b5151 completed May 9, 2026, 2:06 p.m.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) batch_69ff3ff96a6c8190a4c9f20dabc86cef completed May 9, 2026, 2:08 p.m.
Created at: April 10, 2026, 4:02 a.m.