Triple

T1531598
Position Surface form Disambiguated ID Type / Status
Subject Refactoring: Improving the Design of Existing Code E32454 entity
Predicate author P4 FINISHED
Object Martin Fowler
Martin Fowler is a prominent software engineer and author known for his influential work on software design, refactoring, and agile methodologies.
E175369 NE FINISHED

How this triple was built (4 steps)

Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.

NER Named-entity recognition gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: Martin Fowler | Statement: [Refactoring: Improving the Design of Existing Code, author, Martin Fowler]
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Martin Fowler
Context triple: [Refactoring: Improving the Design of Existing Code, author, Martin Fowler]
  • A. Erich Gamma
    Erich Gamma is a Swiss software engineer and one of the "Gang of Four" authors renowned for formalizing and popularizing object-oriented design patterns.
  • B. Ward Cunningham
    Ward Cunningham is an American computer programmer best known for creating the first wiki and contributing significantly to agile software development practices.
  • C. Fred Brooks
    Fred Brooks was an influential American computer scientist and software engineering pioneer best known for managing IBM’s System/360 project and authoring the classic book "The Mythical Man-Month."
  • D. Bertrand Meyer
    Bertrand Meyer is a Swiss computer scientist best known for designing the Eiffel programming language and pioneering the concept of Design by Contract in software engineering.
  • E. Kent Beck
    Kent Beck is an influential American software engineer and author, best known as a pioneer of Extreme Programming, Test-Driven Development, and modern agile software practices.
  • F. None of above. chosen
  • G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NEDg Description generation gpt-5.1
Instruction
Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. 
You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. 
# Instructions
Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. 
Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential.
# Response Format
Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"
Input
Entity: Martin Fowler
Triple: [Refactoring: Improving the Design of Existing Code, author, Martin Fowler]
Generated description
Martin Fowler is a prominent software engineer and author known for his influential work on software design, refactoring, and agile methodologies.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Martin Fowler
Target entity description: Martin Fowler is a prominent software engineer and author known for his influential work on software design, refactoring, and agile methodologies.
  • A. Erich Gamma
    Erich Gamma is a Swiss software engineer and one of the "Gang of Four" authors renowned for formalizing and popularizing object-oriented design patterns.
  • B. Ward Cunningham
    Ward Cunningham is an American computer programmer best known for creating the first wiki and contributing significantly to agile software development practices.
  • C. Fred Brooks
    Fred Brooks was an influential American computer scientist and software engineering pioneer best known for managing IBM’s System/360 project and authoring the classic book "The Mythical Man-Month."
  • D. Bertrand Meyer
    Bertrand Meyer is a Swiss computer scientist best known for designing the Eiffel programming language and pioneering the concept of Design by Contract in software engineering.
  • E. Kent Beck
    Kent Beck is an influential American software engineer and author, best known as a pioneer of Extreme Programming, Test-Driven Development, and modern agile software practices.
  • F. None of above. chosen

Provenance (5 batches)

The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.

Step Stage Batch ID Status When
creating Elicitation batch_69a885ea86308190998f6bc14bb91f8e completed March 4, 2026, 7:20 p.m.
NER Named-entity recognition batch_69a90816b5e88190aa92a8558e35744b completed March 5, 2026, 4:35 a.m.
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) batch_69ad30942dc481908de85bd2ca30c0bd completed March 8, 2026, 8:17 a.m.
NEDg Description generation batch_69ad3104afe88190a8d783dd38d4f2fd completed March 8, 2026, 8:19 a.m.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) batch_69ad31a17f5c8190b0d56b449f79cca5 completed March 8, 2026, 8:21 a.m.
Created at: March 4, 2026, 7:26 p.m.