Triple

T1523949
Position Surface form Disambiguated ID Type / Status
Subject Harry Nyquist E32291 entity
Predicate notableWork P4 FINISHED
Object 1928 paper "Certain Topics in Telegraph Transmission Theory"
The 1928 paper "Certain Topics in Telegraph Transmission Theory" is a foundational work in information theory and communications engineering in which Harry Nyquist established key principles relating bandwidth, signaling rate, and error-free data transmission.
E175078 NE FINISHED

How this triple was built (4 steps)

Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.

NER Named-entity recognition gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: 1928 paper "Certain Topics in Telegraph Transmission Theory" | Statement: [Harry Nyquist, notableWork, 1928 paper "Certain Topics in Telegraph Transmission Theory"]
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: 1928 paper "Certain Topics in Telegraph Transmission Theory"
Context triple: [Harry Nyquist, notableWork, 1928 paper "Certain Topics in Telegraph Transmission Theory"]
  • A. A Mathematical Theory of Communication
    A Mathematical Theory of Communication is Claude Shannon’s landmark 1948 paper that founded information theory by rigorously defining concepts like information, entropy, and channel capacity.
  • B. Kennelly–Heaviside layer theory
    Kennelly–Heaviside layer theory is an early 20th-century scientific model proposing the existence of a conductive layer in the upper atmosphere that reflects radio waves, helping to explain long-distance radio communication.
  • C. Theory and Calculation of Alternating Current Phenomena
    Theory and Calculation of Alternating Current Phenomena is a foundational electrical engineering text that systematically develops the mathematical analysis and practical design principles of alternating current (AC) circuits and machinery.
  • D. The Fourier Integral and Certain of Its Applications
    The Fourier Integral and Certain of Its Applications is a foundational mathematical work by Norbert Wiener that develops and applies Fourier analysis to problems in harmonic analysis and related areas.
  • E. Communication Theory of Secrecy Systems
    Communication Theory of Secrecy Systems is Claude Shannon’s foundational paper that established the mathematical basis of modern cryptography and information-theoretic security.
  • F. None of above. chosen
  • G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NEDg Description generation gpt-5.1
Instruction
Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. 
You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. 
# Instructions
Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. 
Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential.
# Response Format
Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"
Input
Entity: 1928 paper "Certain Topics in Telegraph Transmission Theory"
Triple: [Harry Nyquist, notableWork, 1928 paper "Certain Topics in Telegraph Transmission Theory"]
Generated description
The 1928 paper "Certain Topics in Telegraph Transmission Theory" is a foundational work in information theory and communications engineering in which Harry Nyquist established key principles relating bandwidth, signaling rate, and error-free data transmission.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: 1928 paper "Certain Topics in Telegraph Transmission Theory"
Target entity description: The 1928 paper "Certain Topics in Telegraph Transmission Theory" is a foundational work in information theory and communications engineering in which Harry Nyquist established key principles relating bandwidth, signaling rate, and error-free data transmission.
  • A. A Mathematical Theory of Communication
    A Mathematical Theory of Communication is Claude Shannon’s landmark 1948 paper that founded information theory by rigorously defining concepts like information, entropy, and channel capacity.
  • B. Kennelly–Heaviside layer theory
    Kennelly–Heaviside layer theory is an early 20th-century scientific model proposing the existence of a conductive layer in the upper atmosphere that reflects radio waves, helping to explain long-distance radio communication.
  • C. Theory and Calculation of Alternating Current Phenomena
    Theory and Calculation of Alternating Current Phenomena is a foundational electrical engineering text that systematically develops the mathematical analysis and practical design principles of alternating current (AC) circuits and machinery.
  • D. The Fourier Integral and Certain of Its Applications
    The Fourier Integral and Certain of Its Applications is a foundational mathematical work by Norbert Wiener that develops and applies Fourier analysis to problems in harmonic analysis and related areas.
  • E. Communication Theory of Secrecy Systems
    Communication Theory of Secrecy Systems is Claude Shannon’s foundational paper that established the mathematical basis of modern cryptography and information-theoretic security.
  • F. None of above. chosen

Provenance (5 batches)

The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.

Step Stage Batch ID Status When
creating Elicitation batch_69a885e9b0ac819093a9806ad0efc82c completed March 4, 2026, 7:20 p.m.
NER Named-entity recognition batch_69a90800433c8190b23ae2860493a16e completed March 5, 2026, 4:35 a.m.
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) batch_69ad2951c1ec8190b7ac04cd820a2bfa completed March 8, 2026, 7:46 a.m.
NEDg Description generation batch_69ad2d3e2b388190a73f2604d97bb4aa completed March 8, 2026, 8:03 a.m.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) batch_69ad2df61a70819094148563f924a5c5 completed March 8, 2026, 8:06 a.m.
Created at: March 4, 2026, 7:26 p.m.