Triple
T1523949
| Position | Surface form | Disambiguated ID | Type / Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| Subject | Harry Nyquist |
E32291
|
entity |
| Predicate | notableWork |
P4
|
FINISHED |
| Object |
1928 paper "Certain Topics in Telegraph Transmission Theory"
The 1928 paper "Certain Topics in Telegraph Transmission Theory" is a foundational work in information theory and communications engineering in which Harry Nyquist established key principles relating bandwidth, signaling rate, and error-free data transmission.
|
E175078
|
NE FINISHED |
How this triple was built (4 steps)
Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.
NER
Named-entity recognition
gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: 1928 paper "Certain Topics in Telegraph Transmission Theory" | Statement: [Harry Nyquist, notableWork, 1928 paper "Certain Topics in Telegraph Transmission Theory"]
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: 1928 paper "Certain Topics in Telegraph Transmission Theory" Context triple: [Harry Nyquist, notableWork, 1928 paper "Certain Topics in Telegraph Transmission Theory"]
-
A.
A Mathematical Theory of Communication
A Mathematical Theory of Communication is Claude Shannon’s landmark 1948 paper that founded information theory by rigorously defining concepts like information, entropy, and channel capacity.
-
B.
Kennelly–Heaviside layer theory
Kennelly–Heaviside layer theory is an early 20th-century scientific model proposing the existence of a conductive layer in the upper atmosphere that reflects radio waves, helping to explain long-distance radio communication.
-
C.
Theory and Calculation of Alternating Current Phenomena
Theory and Calculation of Alternating Current Phenomena is a foundational electrical engineering text that systematically develops the mathematical analysis and practical design principles of alternating current (AC) circuits and machinery.
-
D.
The Fourier Integral and Certain of Its Applications
The Fourier Integral and Certain of Its Applications is a foundational mathematical work by Norbert Wiener that develops and applies Fourier analysis to problems in harmonic analysis and related areas.
-
E.
Communication Theory of Secrecy Systems
Communication Theory of Secrecy Systems is Claude Shannon’s foundational paper that established the mathematical basis of modern cryptography and information-theoretic security.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NEDg
Description generation
gpt-5.1
Instruction
Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. # Instructions Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential. # Response Format Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"
Input
Entity: 1928 paper "Certain Topics in Telegraph Transmission Theory" Triple: [Harry Nyquist, notableWork, 1928 paper "Certain Topics in Telegraph Transmission Theory"]
Generated description
The 1928 paper "Certain Topics in Telegraph Transmission Theory" is a foundational work in information theory and communications engineering in which Harry Nyquist established key principles relating bandwidth, signaling rate, and error-free data transmission.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: 1928 paper "Certain Topics in Telegraph Transmission Theory" Target entity description: The 1928 paper "Certain Topics in Telegraph Transmission Theory" is a foundational work in information theory and communications engineering in which Harry Nyquist established key principles relating bandwidth, signaling rate, and error-free data transmission.
-
A.
A Mathematical Theory of Communication
A Mathematical Theory of Communication is Claude Shannon’s landmark 1948 paper that founded information theory by rigorously defining concepts like information, entropy, and channel capacity.
-
B.
Kennelly–Heaviside layer theory
Kennelly–Heaviside layer theory is an early 20th-century scientific model proposing the existence of a conductive layer in the upper atmosphere that reflects radio waves, helping to explain long-distance radio communication.
-
C.
Theory and Calculation of Alternating Current Phenomena
Theory and Calculation of Alternating Current Phenomena is a foundational electrical engineering text that systematically develops the mathematical analysis and practical design principles of alternating current (AC) circuits and machinery.
-
D.
The Fourier Integral and Certain of Its Applications
The Fourier Integral and Certain of Its Applications is a foundational mathematical work by Norbert Wiener that develops and applies Fourier analysis to problems in harmonic analysis and related areas.
-
E.
Communication Theory of Secrecy Systems
Communication Theory of Secrecy Systems is Claude Shannon’s foundational paper that established the mathematical basis of modern cryptography and information-theoretic security.
- F. None of above. chosen
Provenance (5 batches)
The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.
| Step | Stage | Batch ID | Status | When |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| creating | Elicitation | batch_69a885e9b0ac819093a9806ad0efc82c |
completed | March 4, 2026, 7:20 p.m. |
| NER | Named-entity recognition | batch_69a90800433c8190b23ae2860493a16e |
completed | March 5, 2026, 4:35 a.m. |
| NED1 | Entity disambiguation (via context triple) | batch_69ad2951c1ec8190b7ac04cd820a2bfa |
completed | March 8, 2026, 7:46 a.m. |
| NEDg | Description generation | batch_69ad2d3e2b388190a73f2604d97bb4aa |
completed | March 8, 2026, 8:03 a.m. |
| NED2 | Entity disambiguation (via description) | batch_69ad2df61a70819094148563f924a5c5 |
completed | March 8, 2026, 8:06 a.m. |
Created at: March 4, 2026, 7:26 p.m.