Triple

T15103466
Position Surface form Disambiguated ID Type / Status
Subject Raghu Ramakrishnan E360726 entity
Predicate notableWork P4 FINISHED
Object Database Management Systems
"Database Management Systems" is a widely used textbook that provides a comprehensive introduction to the principles, design, and implementation of modern database systems.
 E1137164 NE FINISHED

How this triple was built (4 steps)

Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.

NER Named-entity recognition gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: Database Management Systems | Statement: [Raghu Ramakrishnan, notableWork, Database Management Systems]
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07 
Target entity: Database Management Systems
Context triple: [Raghu Ramakrishnan, notableWork, Database Management Systems]
  • A. Database System Concepts
    Database System Concepts is a widely used foundational textbook in computer science that introduces the principles, design, and implementation of modern database systems.
  • B. Database Systems: The Complete Book
    Database Systems: The Complete Book is a comprehensive textbook that covers fundamental and advanced concepts in database design, implementation, and theory, widely used in computer science education.
  • C. Principles of Database Systems
    Principles of Database Systems is a foundational textbook in computer science that systematically introduces the theory and design of database management systems.
  • D. “The Design and Implementation of INGRES”
    “The Design and Implementation of INGRES” is a seminal technical book that documents the architecture, design decisions, and implementation details of the pioneering INGRES relational database system.
  • E. "System R: Relational Approach to Database Management"
    "System R: Relational Approach to Database Management" is the seminal 1976 research paper by IBM that introduced and evaluated the System R prototype, providing one of the first practical implementations and performance studies of the relational database model.
  • F. None of above. chosen
  • G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NEDg Description generation gpt-5.1
Instruction
Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. 
You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. 
# Instructions
Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. 
Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential.
# Response Format
Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"
Input
Entity: Database Management Systems
Triple: [Raghu Ramakrishnan, notableWork, Database Management Systems]
Generated description
"Database Management Systems" is a widely used textbook that provides a comprehensive introduction to the principles, design, and implementation of modern database systems.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07 
Target entity: Database Management Systems
Target entity description: "Database Management Systems" is a widely used textbook that provides a comprehensive introduction to the principles, design, and implementation of modern database systems.
  • A. Database System Concepts
    Database System Concepts is a widely used foundational textbook in computer science that introduces the principles, design, and implementation of modern database systems.
  • B. Database Systems: The Complete Book
    Database Systems: The Complete Book is a comprehensive textbook that covers fundamental and advanced concepts in database design, implementation, and theory, widely used in computer science education.
  • C. Principles of Database Systems
    Principles of Database Systems is a foundational textbook in computer science that systematically introduces the theory and design of database management systems.
  • D. “The Design and Implementation of INGRES”
    “The Design and Implementation of INGRES” is a seminal technical book that documents the architecture, design decisions, and implementation details of the pioneering INGRES relational database system.
  • E. "System R: Relational Approach to Database Management"
    "System R: Relational Approach to Database Management" is the seminal 1976 research paper by IBM that introduced and evaluated the System R prototype, providing one of the first practical implementations and performance studies of the relational database model.
  • F. None of above. chosen

Provenance (5 batches)

The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.

Step Stage Batch ID Status When
creating Elicitation batch_69d85a0491ec8190830960be8fafb994 completed April 10, 2026, 2:01 a.m.
NER Named-entity recognition batch_69e00551521c8190b48d1a074bb4bdfc completed April 15, 2026, 9:38 p.m.
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) batch_69feae274f6881908931569efc09996e completed May 9, 2026, 3:46 a.m.
NEDg Description generation batch_69feb06643508190a21939ff3e1389c6 completed May 9, 2026, 3:56 a.m.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) batch_69feb0d114388190b2b16703003da446 completed May 9, 2026, 3:58 a.m.
Created at: April 10, 2026, 3:05 a.m.