Triple

T1489782
Position Surface form Disambiguated ID Type / Status
Subject Noether's problem E29549 entity
Predicate knownResult P28576 FINISHED
Object Swan constructed counterexamples over the rational numbers
Swan constructed counterexamples over the rational numbers refers to Richard G. Swan’s landmark result showing that certain invariant fields under finite group actions over the rational numbers are not rational, thereby disproving a general affirmative answer to Noether’s problem in this setting.
E171228 NE FINISHED

How this triple was built (4 steps)

Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.

NER Named-entity recognition gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: Swan constructed counterexamples over the rational numbers | Statement: [Noether's problem, knownResult, Swan constructed counterexamples over the rational numbers]
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Swan constructed counterexamples over the rational numbers
Context triple: [Noether's problem, knownResult, Swan constructed counterexamples over the rational numbers]
  • A. Hilbert’s irreducibility theorem
    Hilbert’s irreducibility theorem is a fundamental result in number theory and algebraic geometry that ensures many polynomial equations with parameterized coefficients retain irreducibility for infinitely many specializations of those parameters.
  • B. Kronecker’s finitism
    Kronecker’s finitism is a philosophical and mathematical stance asserting that only finite, constructible mathematical objects and proofs are legitimate, rejecting the existence of actual infinities.
  • C. Hilbert’s Nullstellensatz
    Hilbert’s Nullstellensatz is a foundational theorem in algebraic geometry that establishes a deep correspondence between ideals in polynomial rings and algebraic sets, linking algebra and geometry.
  • D. Israel–Carter–Robinson uniqueness theorems
    The Israel–Carter–Robinson uniqueness theorems are a set of results in general relativity showing that stationary, asymptotically flat black holes in four-dimensional spacetime are completely characterized by just their mass, charge, and angular momentum.
  • E. Surreal numbers
    Surreal numbers are a class of numbers introduced by John H. Conway that form an extensive ordered field encompassing the real numbers, infinite quantities, and infinitesimals within a unified framework.
  • F. None of above. chosen
  • G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NEDg Description generation gpt-5.1
Instruction
Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. 
You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. 
# Instructions
Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. 
Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential.
# Response Format
Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"
Input
Entity: Swan constructed counterexamples over the rational numbers
Triple: [Noether's problem, knownResult, Swan constructed counterexamples over the rational numbers]
Generated description
Swan constructed counterexamples over the rational numbers refers to Richard G. Swan’s landmark result showing that certain invariant fields under finite group actions over the rational numbers are not rational, thereby disproving a general affirmative answer to Noether’s problem in this setting.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Swan constructed counterexamples over the rational numbers
Target entity description: Swan constructed counterexamples over the rational numbers refers to Richard G. Swan’s landmark result showing that certain invariant fields under finite group actions over the rational numbers are not rational, thereby disproving a general affirmative answer to Noether’s problem in this setting.
  • A. Hilbert’s irreducibility theorem
    Hilbert’s irreducibility theorem is a fundamental result in number theory and algebraic geometry that ensures many polynomial equations with parameterized coefficients retain irreducibility for infinitely many specializations of those parameters.
  • B. Kronecker’s finitism
    Kronecker’s finitism is a philosophical and mathematical stance asserting that only finite, constructible mathematical objects and proofs are legitimate, rejecting the existence of actual infinities.
  • C. Hilbert’s Nullstellensatz
    Hilbert’s Nullstellensatz is a foundational theorem in algebraic geometry that establishes a deep correspondence between ideals in polynomial rings and algebraic sets, linking algebra and geometry.
  • D. Israel–Carter–Robinson uniqueness theorems
    The Israel–Carter–Robinson uniqueness theorems are a set of results in general relativity showing that stationary, asymptotically flat black holes in four-dimensional spacetime are completely characterized by just their mass, charge, and angular momentum.
  • E. Surreal numbers
    Surreal numbers are a class of numbers introduced by John H. Conway that form an extensive ordered field encompassing the real numbers, infinite quantities, and infinitesimals within a unified framework.
  • F. None of above. chosen

Provenance (5 batches)

The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.

Step Stage Batch ID Status When
creating Elicitation batch_69a498da82e08190ba833330d05f380f completed March 1, 2026, 7:51 p.m.
NER Named-entity recognition batch_69a4c9e02c188190b87c0aac939eafdd completed March 1, 2026, 11:21 p.m.
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) batch_69ad1ca98e64819097916eb7717e6364 completed March 8, 2026, 6:52 a.m.
NEDg Description generation batch_69ad1d34656481909949b4bfd83c6142 completed March 8, 2026, 6:54 a.m.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) batch_69ad1dd7b34c8190b6957be2112506dd completed March 8, 2026, 6:57 a.m.
Created at: March 1, 2026, 8:12 p.m.