Triple

T1480936
Position Surface form Disambiguated ID Type / Status
Subject Carlo Rubbia E30953 entity
Predicate familyName P18 FINISHED
Object Rubbia
Rubbia is the surname of Carlo Rubbia, an Italian physicist and Nobel laureate known for his contributions to particle physics.
 E169326 NE FINISHED

How this triple was built (4 steps)

Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.

NER Named-entity recognition gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: Rubbia | Statement: [Carlo Rubbia, familyName, Rubbia]
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07 
Target entity: Rubbia
Context triple: [Carlo Rubbia, familyName, Rubbia]
  • A. Yukawa
    Yukawa is a Japanese surname most famously associated with theoretical physicist Hideki Yukawa, the first Japanese Nobel laureate in Physics.
  • B. Bruno Pontecorvo
    Bruno Pontecorvo was an Italian-born physicist best known for his pioneering work on neutrino physics and his controversial defection to the Soviet Union during the Cold War.
  • C. Simon van der Meer
    Simon van der Meer was a Dutch physicist and Nobel laureate whose innovations in particle accelerator technology were crucial to major discoveries in high-energy physics.
  • D. Arago
    Arago was a prominent 19th-century French physicist, astronomer, and politician known for his work on optics, electromagnetism, and the popularization of science.
  • E. Andrea Molesini
    Andrea Molesini is an Italian writer and academic best known for his award-winning novels, particularly in contemporary Italian literature.
  • F. None of above. chosen
  • G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NEDg Description generation gpt-5.1
Instruction
Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. 
You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. 
# Instructions
Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. 
Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential.
# Response Format
Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"
Input
Entity: Rubbia
Triple: [Carlo Rubbia, familyName, Rubbia]
Generated description
Rubbia is the surname of Carlo Rubbia, an Italian physicist and Nobel laureate known for his contributions to particle physics.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07 
Target entity: Rubbia
Target entity description: Rubbia is the surname of Carlo Rubbia, an Italian physicist and Nobel laureate known for his contributions to particle physics.
  • A. Yukawa
    Yukawa is a Japanese surname most famously associated with theoretical physicist Hideki Yukawa, the first Japanese Nobel laureate in Physics.
  • B. Bruno Pontecorvo
    Bruno Pontecorvo was an Italian-born physicist best known for his pioneering work on neutrino physics and his controversial defection to the Soviet Union during the Cold War.
  • C. Simon van der Meer
    Simon van der Meer was a Dutch physicist and Nobel laureate whose innovations in particle accelerator technology were crucial to major discoveries in high-energy physics.
  • D. Arago
    Arago was a prominent 19th-century French physicist, astronomer, and politician known for his work on optics, electromagnetism, and the popularization of science.
  • E. Andrea Molesini
    Andrea Molesini is an Italian writer and academic best known for his award-winning novels, particularly in contemporary Italian literature.
  • F. None of above. chosen

Provenance (5 batches)

The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.

Step Stage Batch ID Status When
creating Elicitation batch_69a498fe55a88190ab7f9e40ace88e49 completed March 1, 2026, 7:52 p.m.
NER Named-entity recognition batch_69a4c67699848190852e376efe22737c completed March 1, 2026, 11:06 p.m.
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) batch_69ad15b1bea08190a1e21ddc15148d3a completed March 8, 2026, 6:22 a.m.
NEDg Description generation batch_69ad1694bcc48190bf54dca4479a95e7 completed March 8, 2026, 6:26 a.m.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) batch_69ad170694f48190840f08db72d9f315 completed March 8, 2026, 6:28 a.m.
Created at: March 1, 2026, 8:11 p.m.