Triple

T1469728
Position Surface form Disambiguated ID Type / Status
Subject Howard P. Robertson E27106 entity
Predicate partOf P40 FINISHED
Object American school of relativistic cosmology
The American school of relativistic cosmology was a mid-20th-century research tradition in the United States that advanced the mathematical and physical foundations of general relativity and modern cosmology through the work of theorists such as Howard P. Robertson.
E168415 NE FINISHED

How this triple was built (4 steps)

Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.

NER Named-entity recognition gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: American school of relativistic cosmology | Statement: [Howard P. Robertson, partOf, American school of relativistic cosmology]
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: American school of relativistic cosmology
Context triple: [Howard P. Robertson, partOf, American school of relativistic cosmology]
  • A. FLRW cosmological models
    FLRW cosmological models are a family of solutions to Einstein’s field equations that describe a homogeneous and isotropic expanding or contracting universe, forming the standard framework for modern cosmology.
  • B. Essai de cosmologie
    Essai de cosmologie is an 18th-century philosophical and scientific treatise by Pierre-Louis Moreau de Maupertuis that explores the structure and origins of the universe within the framework of early Enlightenment cosmology.
  • C. On the Curvature of Space
    "On the Curvature of Space" is a pioneering 1922 paper by Alexander Friedmann that introduced non-static, expanding-universe solutions to Einstein’s field equations, laying the theoretical foundation for modern cosmology.
  • D. Relativity, Thermodynamics and Cosmology
    Relativity, Thermodynamics and Cosmology is a classic 1934 physics monograph by Richard C. Tolman that systematically applies thermodynamics and statistical mechanics to relativistic and cosmological problems.
  • E. The Foundation of the General Theory of Relativity
    The Foundation of the General Theory of Relativity is Albert Einstein’s seminal 1916 paper that systematically presents and mathematically formulates his theory of gravitation, revolutionizing modern physics and our understanding of space-time.
  • F. None of above. chosen
  • G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NEDg Description generation gpt-5.1
Instruction
Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. 
You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. 
# Instructions
Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. 
Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential.
# Response Format
Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"
Input
Entity: American school of relativistic cosmology
Triple: [Howard P. Robertson, partOf, American school of relativistic cosmology]
Generated description
The American school of relativistic cosmology was a mid-20th-century research tradition in the United States that advanced the mathematical and physical foundations of general relativity and modern cosmology through the work of theorists such as Howard P. Robertson.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: American school of relativistic cosmology
Target entity description: The American school of relativistic cosmology was a mid-20th-century research tradition in the United States that advanced the mathematical and physical foundations of general relativity and modern cosmology through the work of theorists such as Howard P. Robertson.
  • A. FLRW cosmological models
    FLRW cosmological models are a family of solutions to Einstein’s field equations that describe a homogeneous and isotropic expanding or contracting universe, forming the standard framework for modern cosmology.
  • B. Essai de cosmologie
    Essai de cosmologie is an 18th-century philosophical and scientific treatise by Pierre-Louis Moreau de Maupertuis that explores the structure and origins of the universe within the framework of early Enlightenment cosmology.
  • C. On the Curvature of Space
    "On the Curvature of Space" is a pioneering 1922 paper by Alexander Friedmann that introduced non-static, expanding-universe solutions to Einstein’s field equations, laying the theoretical foundation for modern cosmology.
  • D. Relativity, Thermodynamics and Cosmology
    Relativity, Thermodynamics and Cosmology is a classic 1934 physics monograph by Richard C. Tolman that systematically applies thermodynamics and statistical mechanics to relativistic and cosmological problems.
  • E. The Foundation of the General Theory of Relativity
    The Foundation of the General Theory of Relativity is Albert Einstein’s seminal 1916 paper that systematically presents and mathematically formulates his theory of gravitation, revolutionizing modern physics and our understanding of space-time.
  • F. None of above. chosen

Provenance (5 batches)

The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.

Step Stage Batch ID Status When
creating Elicitation batch_69a496d25d6881909dbd84f86d763992 completed March 1, 2026, 7:43 p.m.
NER Named-entity recognition batch_69a4c5d8bb68819095b7b413247ad657 completed March 1, 2026, 11:03 p.m.
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) batch_69ad15a4d4b48190bda15e333f7efd7f completed March 8, 2026, 6:22 a.m.
NEDg Description generation batch_69ad1667345c8190a28ad33639e1ac2f completed March 8, 2026, 6:25 a.m.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) batch_69ad16c8df5c819089809f2eee6f27ee completed March 8, 2026, 6:27 a.m.
Created at: March 1, 2026, 8:01 p.m.