Triple
T1469728
| Position | Surface form | Disambiguated ID | Type / Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| Subject | Howard P. Robertson |
E27106
|
entity |
| Predicate | partOf |
P40
|
FINISHED |
| Object |
American school of relativistic cosmology
The American school of relativistic cosmology was a mid-20th-century research tradition in the United States that advanced the mathematical and physical foundations of general relativity and modern cosmology through the work of theorists such as Howard P. Robertson.
|
E168415
|
NE FINISHED |
How this triple was built (4 steps)
Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.
NER
Named-entity recognition
gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: American school of relativistic cosmology | Statement: [Howard P. Robertson, partOf, American school of relativistic cosmology]
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: American school of relativistic cosmology Context triple: [Howard P. Robertson, partOf, American school of relativistic cosmology]
-
A.
FLRW cosmological models
FLRW cosmological models are a family of solutions to Einstein’s field equations that describe a homogeneous and isotropic expanding or contracting universe, forming the standard framework for modern cosmology.
-
B.
Essai de cosmologie
Essai de cosmologie is an 18th-century philosophical and scientific treatise by Pierre-Louis Moreau de Maupertuis that explores the structure and origins of the universe within the framework of early Enlightenment cosmology.
-
C.
On the Curvature of Space
"On the Curvature of Space" is a pioneering 1922 paper by Alexander Friedmann that introduced non-static, expanding-universe solutions to Einstein’s field equations, laying the theoretical foundation for modern cosmology.
-
D.
Relativity, Thermodynamics and Cosmology
Relativity, Thermodynamics and Cosmology is a classic 1934 physics monograph by Richard C. Tolman that systematically applies thermodynamics and statistical mechanics to relativistic and cosmological problems.
-
E.
The Foundation of the General Theory of Relativity
The Foundation of the General Theory of Relativity is Albert Einstein’s seminal 1916 paper that systematically presents and mathematically formulates his theory of gravitation, revolutionizing modern physics and our understanding of space-time.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NEDg
Description generation
gpt-5.1
Instruction
Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. # Instructions Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential. # Response Format Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"
Input
Entity: American school of relativistic cosmology Triple: [Howard P. Robertson, partOf, American school of relativistic cosmology]
Generated description
The American school of relativistic cosmology was a mid-20th-century research tradition in the United States that advanced the mathematical and physical foundations of general relativity and modern cosmology through the work of theorists such as Howard P. Robertson.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: American school of relativistic cosmology Target entity description: The American school of relativistic cosmology was a mid-20th-century research tradition in the United States that advanced the mathematical and physical foundations of general relativity and modern cosmology through the work of theorists such as Howard P. Robertson.
-
A.
FLRW cosmological models
FLRW cosmological models are a family of solutions to Einstein’s field equations that describe a homogeneous and isotropic expanding or contracting universe, forming the standard framework for modern cosmology.
-
B.
Essai de cosmologie
Essai de cosmologie is an 18th-century philosophical and scientific treatise by Pierre-Louis Moreau de Maupertuis that explores the structure and origins of the universe within the framework of early Enlightenment cosmology.
-
C.
On the Curvature of Space
"On the Curvature of Space" is a pioneering 1922 paper by Alexander Friedmann that introduced non-static, expanding-universe solutions to Einstein’s field equations, laying the theoretical foundation for modern cosmology.
-
D.
Relativity, Thermodynamics and Cosmology
Relativity, Thermodynamics and Cosmology is a classic 1934 physics monograph by Richard C. Tolman that systematically applies thermodynamics and statistical mechanics to relativistic and cosmological problems.
-
E.
The Foundation of the General Theory of Relativity
The Foundation of the General Theory of Relativity is Albert Einstein’s seminal 1916 paper that systematically presents and mathematically formulates his theory of gravitation, revolutionizing modern physics and our understanding of space-time.
- F. None of above. chosen
Provenance (5 batches)
The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.
| Step | Stage | Batch ID | Status | When |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| creating | Elicitation | batch_69a496d25d6881909dbd84f86d763992 |
completed | March 1, 2026, 7:43 p.m. |
| NER | Named-entity recognition | batch_69a4c5d8bb68819095b7b413247ad657 |
completed | March 1, 2026, 11:03 p.m. |
| NED1 | Entity disambiguation (via context triple) | batch_69ad15a4d4b48190bda15e333f7efd7f |
completed | March 8, 2026, 6:22 a.m. |
| NEDg | Description generation | batch_69ad1667345c8190a28ad33639e1ac2f |
completed | March 8, 2026, 6:25 a.m. |
| NED2 | Entity disambiguation (via description) | batch_69ad16c8df5c819089809f2eee6f27ee |
completed | March 8, 2026, 6:27 a.m. |
Created at: March 1, 2026, 8:01 p.m.