Triple

T1462865
Position Surface form Disambiguated ID Type / Status
Subject Wiley-VCH E31551 entity
Predicate notableJournalPublished P80 FINISHED
Object Particle & Particle Systems Characterization
Particle & Particle Systems Characterization is a peer-reviewed scientific journal focusing on the characterization, properties, and behavior of particles and particulate systems across chemistry, materials science, and related fields.
E166690 NE FINISHED

How this triple was built (4 steps)

Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.

NER Named-entity recognition gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: Particle & Particle Systems Characterization | Statement: [Wiley-VCH, notableJournalPublished, Particle & Particle Systems Characterization]
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Particle & Particle Systems Characterization
Context triple: [Wiley-VCH, notableJournalPublished, Particle & Particle Systems Characterization]
  • A. Smoluchowski coagulation equation
    The Smoluchowski coagulation equation is a fundamental integro-differential equation in statistical physics that models how particles undergoing random collisions aggregate over time into larger clusters.
  • B. AVS Science and Technology of Materials, Interfaces, and Processing
    AVS Science and Technology of Materials, Interfaces, and Processing is a professional society focused on advancing the science and technology of materials, surfaces, interfaces, and related processing techniques.
  • C. Einstein bed-load function
    The Einstein bed-load function is a seminal hydraulic engineering formula developed by Hans Albert Einstein to predict the transport rate of sediment particles rolling and sliding along a riverbed under flowing water.
  • D. BP Institute for Multiphase Flow
    The BP Institute for Multiphase Flow is a research center at the University of Cambridge specializing in the study and modeling of complex multiphase fluid flows relevant to natural processes and industrial applications.
  • E. Gigatracker beam spectrometer
    The Gigatracker beam spectrometer is a high-precision silicon pixel tracking system used in the NA62 experiment at CERN to measure the momentum and timing of individual particles in the high-intensity kaon beam.
  • F. None of above. chosen
  • G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NEDg Description generation gpt-5.1
Instruction
Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. 
You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. 
# Instructions
Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. 
Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential.
# Response Format
Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"
Input
Entity: Particle & Particle Systems Characterization
Triple: [Wiley-VCH, notableJournalPublished, Particle & Particle Systems Characterization]
Generated description
Particle & Particle Systems Characterization is a peer-reviewed scientific journal focusing on the characterization, properties, and behavior of particles and particulate systems across chemistry, materials science, and related fields.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Particle & Particle Systems Characterization
Target entity description: Particle & Particle Systems Characterization is a peer-reviewed scientific journal focusing on the characterization, properties, and behavior of particles and particulate systems across chemistry, materials science, and related fields.
  • A. Smoluchowski coagulation equation
    The Smoluchowski coagulation equation is a fundamental integro-differential equation in statistical physics that models how particles undergoing random collisions aggregate over time into larger clusters.
  • B. AVS Science and Technology of Materials, Interfaces, and Processing
    AVS Science and Technology of Materials, Interfaces, and Processing is a professional society focused on advancing the science and technology of materials, surfaces, interfaces, and related processing techniques.
  • C. Einstein bed-load function
    The Einstein bed-load function is a seminal hydraulic engineering formula developed by Hans Albert Einstein to predict the transport rate of sediment particles rolling and sliding along a riverbed under flowing water.
  • D. BP Institute for Multiphase Flow
    The BP Institute for Multiphase Flow is a research center at the University of Cambridge specializing in the study and modeling of complex multiphase fluid flows relevant to natural processes and industrial applications.
  • E. Gigatracker beam spectrometer
    The Gigatracker beam spectrometer is a high-precision silicon pixel tracking system used in the NA62 experiment at CERN to measure the momentum and timing of individual particles in the high-intensity kaon beam.
  • F. None of above. chosen

Provenance (5 batches)

The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.

Step Stage Batch ID Status When
creating Elicitation batch_69a49917dfc081909acdbdf5d684f1ef completed March 1, 2026, 7:52 p.m.
NER Named-entity recognition batch_69a4c9e02c188190b87c0aac939eafdd completed March 1, 2026, 11:21 p.m.
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) batch_69ad0e7ab538819090bc3e3ed1bbff64 completed March 8, 2026, 5:51 a.m.
NEDg Description generation batch_69ad0f5106fc8190ab03c4e5a0287424 completed March 8, 2026, 5:55 a.m.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) batch_69ad0fa4c7d48190ac84267c16c6eb00 completed March 8, 2026, 5:56 a.m.
Created at: March 1, 2026, 8 p.m.