Triple

T1462673
Position Surface form Disambiguated ID Type / Status
Subject Pauli exclusion principle E31547 entity
Predicate relatedTo P37 FINISHED
Object spin–statistics theorem
The spin–statistics theorem is a fundamental result in quantum field theory that links a particle’s intrinsic spin to the type of quantum statistics it obeys, explaining why fermions obey the Pauli exclusion principle while bosons do not.
E166678 NE FINISHED

How this triple was built (4 steps)

Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.

NER Named-entity recognition gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: spin–statistics theorem | Statement: [Pauli exclusion principle, relatedTo, spin–statistics theorem]
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: spin–statistics theorem
Context triple: [Pauli exclusion principle, relatedTo, spin–statistics theorem]
  • A. Bose–Einstein statistics
    Bose–Einstein statistics is a quantum statistical framework that describes the distribution and collective behavior of indistinguishable bosons, underpinning phenomena such as Bose–Einstein condensation.
  • B. Wick’s theorem
    Wick’s theorem is a fundamental result in quantum field theory that expresses time-ordered products of field operators as sums of normal-ordered products with all possible contractions, forming the basis for deriving Feynman rules and diagrammatic expansions.
  • C. Fermi–Dirac statistics
    Fermi–Dirac statistics is the quantum statistical framework that describes the distribution and behavior of indistinguishable fermions, such as electrons, which obey the Pauli exclusion principle.
  • D. Dirac field
    The Dirac field is a quantum field describing spin-½ fermions, such as electrons and quarks, incorporating both special relativity and quantum mechanics.
  • E. Gell-Mann–Low theorem
    The Gell-Mann–Low theorem is a fundamental result in quantum field theory that rigorously connects interacting quantum fields to free fields via the adiabatic switching-on of interactions, underpinning the use of perturbation theory and the Dyson series.
  • F. None of above. chosen
  • G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NEDg Description generation gpt-5.1
Instruction
Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. 
You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. 
# Instructions
Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. 
Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential.
# Response Format
Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"
Input
Entity: spin–statistics theorem
Triple: [Pauli exclusion principle, relatedTo, spin–statistics theorem]
Generated description
The spin–statistics theorem is a fundamental result in quantum field theory that links a particle’s intrinsic spin to the type of quantum statistics it obeys, explaining why fermions obey the Pauli exclusion principle while bosons do not.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: spin–statistics theorem
Target entity description: The spin–statistics theorem is a fundamental result in quantum field theory that links a particle’s intrinsic spin to the type of quantum statistics it obeys, explaining why fermions obey the Pauli exclusion principle while bosons do not.
  • A. Bose–Einstein statistics
    Bose–Einstein statistics is a quantum statistical framework that describes the distribution and collective behavior of indistinguishable bosons, underpinning phenomena such as Bose–Einstein condensation.
  • B. Wick’s theorem
    Wick’s theorem is a fundamental result in quantum field theory that expresses time-ordered products of field operators as sums of normal-ordered products with all possible contractions, forming the basis for deriving Feynman rules and diagrammatic expansions.
  • C. Fermi–Dirac statistics
    Fermi–Dirac statistics is the quantum statistical framework that describes the distribution and behavior of indistinguishable fermions, such as electrons, which obey the Pauli exclusion principle.
  • D. Dirac field
    The Dirac field is a quantum field describing spin-½ fermions, such as electrons and quarks, incorporating both special relativity and quantum mechanics.
  • E. Gell-Mann–Low theorem
    The Gell-Mann–Low theorem is a fundamental result in quantum field theory that rigorously connects interacting quantum fields to free fields via the adiabatic switching-on of interactions, underpinning the use of perturbation theory and the Dyson series.
  • F. None of above. chosen

Provenance (5 batches)

The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.

Step Stage Batch ID Status When
creating Elicitation batch_69a49917dfc081909acdbdf5d684f1ef completed March 1, 2026, 7:52 p.m.
NER Named-entity recognition batch_69a4c5b6e36c81909c47b2f7e66f17d7 completed March 1, 2026, 11:03 p.m.
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) batch_69ad0e7ab538819090bc3e3ed1bbff64 completed March 8, 2026, 5:51 a.m.
NEDg Description generation batch_69ad0f5106fc8190ab03c4e5a0287424 completed March 8, 2026, 5:55 a.m.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) batch_69ad0fa4c7d48190ac84267c16c6eb00 completed March 8, 2026, 5:56 a.m.
Created at: March 1, 2026, 8 p.m.