Triple

T1462460
Position Surface form Disambiguated ID Type / Status
Subject fluctuation–dissipation theorem E31542 entity
Predicate isRelatedTo P37 FINISHED
Object Nyquist theorem
The Nyquist theorem is a fundamental principle in signal processing that states a continuous signal can be perfectly reconstructed from its samples if it is sampled at more than twice its highest frequency component.
E166675 NE FINISHED

How this triple was built (4 steps)

Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.

NER Named-entity recognition gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: Nyquist theorem | Statement: [fluctuation–dissipation theorem, isRelatedTo, Nyquist theorem]
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Nyquist theorem
Context triple: [fluctuation–dissipation theorem, isRelatedTo, Nyquist theorem]
  • A. Wiener–Khinchin theorem
    The Wiener–Khinchin theorem is a fundamental result in signal processing and probability theory that relates a wide-sense stationary random process’s autocorrelation function to its power spectral density via the Fourier transform.
  • B. Nyquist stability criterion
    The Nyquist stability criterion is a graphical frequency-domain method in control theory used to determine the stability of feedback systems by analyzing how their open-loop transfer function encircles a critical point in the complex plane.
  • C. Cramér–Rao bound
    The Cramér–Rao bound is a fundamental result in statistical estimation theory that gives a lower limit on the variance of any unbiased estimator of a parameter, characterizing the best possible precision achievable.
  • D. Fourier
    Fourier is a French surname most famously associated with Jean-Baptiste Joseph Fourier, the mathematician and physicist known for developing Fourier analysis and Fourier series.
  • E. Wiener filter
    The Wiener filter is a signal processing technique that optimally estimates a desired signal from noisy observations by minimizing the mean square error, based on statistical properties of signal and noise.
  • F. None of above. chosen
  • G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NEDg Description generation gpt-5.1
Instruction
Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. 
You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. 
# Instructions
Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. 
Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential.
# Response Format
Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"
Input
Entity: Nyquist theorem
Triple: [fluctuation–dissipation theorem, isRelatedTo, Nyquist theorem]
Generated description
The Nyquist theorem is a fundamental principle in signal processing that states a continuous signal can be perfectly reconstructed from its samples if it is sampled at more than twice its highest frequency component.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Nyquist theorem
Target entity description: The Nyquist theorem is a fundamental principle in signal processing that states a continuous signal can be perfectly reconstructed from its samples if it is sampled at more than twice its highest frequency component.
  • A. Wiener–Khinchin theorem
    The Wiener–Khinchin theorem is a fundamental result in signal processing and probability theory that relates a wide-sense stationary random process’s autocorrelation function to its power spectral density via the Fourier transform.
  • B. Nyquist stability criterion
    The Nyquist stability criterion is a graphical frequency-domain method in control theory used to determine the stability of feedback systems by analyzing how their open-loop transfer function encircles a critical point in the complex plane.
  • C. Cramér–Rao bound
    The Cramér–Rao bound is a fundamental result in statistical estimation theory that gives a lower limit on the variance of any unbiased estimator of a parameter, characterizing the best possible precision achievable.
  • D. Fourier
    Fourier is a French surname most famously associated with Jean-Baptiste Joseph Fourier, the mathematician and physicist known for developing Fourier analysis and Fourier series.
  • E. Wiener filter
    The Wiener filter is a signal processing technique that optimally estimates a desired signal from noisy observations by minimizing the mean square error, based on statistical properties of signal and noise.
  • F. None of above. chosen

Provenance (5 batches)

The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.

Step Stage Batch ID Status When
creating Elicitation batch_69a49917dfc081909acdbdf5d684f1ef completed March 1, 2026, 7:52 p.m.
NER Named-entity recognition batch_69a4c5b6e36c81909c47b2f7e66f17d7 completed March 1, 2026, 11:03 p.m.
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) batch_69ad0e7ab538819090bc3e3ed1bbff64 completed March 8, 2026, 5:51 a.m.
NEDg Description generation batch_69ad0f5106fc8190ab03c4e5a0287424 completed March 8, 2026, 5:55 a.m.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) batch_69ad0fa4c7d48190ac84267c16c6eb00 completed March 8, 2026, 5:56 a.m.
Created at: March 1, 2026, 8 p.m.