Triple

T1462446
Position Surface form Disambiguated ID Type / Status
Subject fluctuation–dissipation theorem E31542 entity
Predicate wasDevelopedBy P73 FINISHED
Object Herbert B. Callen
Herbert B. Callen was an American physicist renowned for his foundational contributions to thermodynamics and statistical mechanics, including work on the fluctuation–dissipation theorem and the influential textbook "Thermodynamics and an Introduction to Thermostatistics."
 E172113 NE FINISHED

How this triple was built (4 steps)

Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.

NER Named-entity recognition gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: Herbert B. Callen | Statement: [fluctuation–dissipation theorem, wasDevelopedBy, Herbert B. Callen]
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07 
Target entity: Herbert B. Callen
Context triple: [fluctuation–dissipation theorem, wasDevelopedBy, Herbert B. Callen]
  • A. David Hirschfelder
    David Hirschfelder is an Australian composer and musician best known for his acclaimed film scores and work on major international movies.
  • B. Robert B. Leighton
    Robert B. Leighton was an American experimental physicist and educator known for his contributions to cosmic-ray and infrared astronomy and for coauthoring the influential Feynman Lectures on Physics.
  • C. John R. Klauder
    John R. Klauder is an American theoretical physicist and mathematician known for his contributions to quantum field theory, coherent states, and functional analysis.
  • D. Robert H. Planck
    Robert H. Planck was an American cinematographer known for his work on numerous Hollywood films during the mid-20th century.
  • E. Clifford Truesdell
    Clifford Truesdell was an influential American mathematician and physicist known for his foundational work in rational mechanics and the mathematical theory of elasticity.
  • F. None of above. chosen
  • G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NEDg Description generation gpt-5.1
Instruction
Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. 
You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. 
# Instructions
Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. 
Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential.
# Response Format
Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"
Input
Entity: Herbert B. Callen
Triple: [fluctuation–dissipation theorem, wasDevelopedBy, Herbert B. Callen]
Generated description
Herbert B. Callen was an American physicist renowned for his foundational contributions to thermodynamics and statistical mechanics, including work on the fluctuation–dissipation theorem and the influential textbook "Thermodynamics and an Introduction to Thermostatistics."
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07 
Target entity: Herbert B. Callen
Target entity description: Herbert B. Callen was an American physicist renowned for his foundational contributions to thermodynamics and statistical mechanics, including work on the fluctuation–dissipation theorem and the influential textbook "Thermodynamics and an Introduction to Thermostatistics."
  • A. David Hirschfelder
    David Hirschfelder is an Australian composer and musician best known for his acclaimed film scores and work on major international movies.
  • B. Robert B. Leighton
    Robert B. Leighton was an American experimental physicist and educator known for his contributions to cosmic-ray and infrared astronomy and for coauthoring the influential Feynman Lectures on Physics.
  • C. John R. Klauder
    John R. Klauder is an American theoretical physicist and mathematician known for his contributions to quantum field theory, coherent states, and functional analysis.
  • D. Robert H. Planck
    Robert H. Planck was an American cinematographer known for his work on numerous Hollywood films during the mid-20th century.
  • E. Clifford Truesdell
    Clifford Truesdell was an influential American mathematician and physicist known for his foundational work in rational mechanics and the mathematical theory of elasticity.
  • F. None of above. chosen

Provenance (5 batches)

The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.

Step Stage Batch ID Status When
creating Elicitation batch_69a49917dfc081909acdbdf5d684f1ef completed March 1, 2026, 7:52 p.m.
NER Named-entity recognition batch_69a4c5b6e36c81909c47b2f7e66f17d7 completed March 1, 2026, 11:03 p.m.
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) batch_69ad232ab26c8190aa9fc95ff2fcf0eb completed March 8, 2026, 7:20 a.m.
NEDg Description generation batch_69ad23b8d570819099b953c7a60e9445 completed March 8, 2026, 7:22 a.m.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) batch_69ad248193ec8190b0c08ef979661af0 completed March 8, 2026, 7:25 a.m.
Created at: March 1, 2026, 8 p.m.