Triple
T145460
| Position | Surface form | Disambiguated ID | Type / Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| Subject | Freeman Dyson |
E2943
|
entity |
| Predicate | notableWork |
P4
|
FINISHED |
| Object | Dyson series in quantum electrodynamics |
E9110
|
NE FINISHED |
How this triple was built (2 steps)
Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.
NER
Named-entity recognition
gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: Dyson series in quantum electrodynamics | Statement: [Freeman Dyson, notableWork, Dyson series in quantum electrodynamics]
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Dyson series in quantum electrodynamics Context triple: [Freeman Dyson, notableWork, Dyson series in quantum electrodynamics]
-
A.
Dyson series
chosen
The Dyson series is a perturbative expansion in quantum field theory that expresses time-ordered exponentials and scattering amplitudes as an infinite series of integrals, each term corresponding to a Feynman diagram.
-
B.
On a Heuristic Point of View Concerning the Production and Transformation of Light
"On a Heuristic Point of View Concerning the Production and Transformation of Light" is Albert Einstein’s 1905 paper that introduced the concept of light quanta (photons), laying the foundation for quantum theory and explaining the photoelectric effect.
-
C.
QED: The Strange Theory of Light and Matter
QED: The Strange Theory of Light and Matter is a popular science book by physicist Richard Feynman that explains the quantum theory of electrodynamics in an accessible, lecture-based style.
-
D.
Feynman checkerboard model
The Feynman checkerboard model is a path-integral-based lattice model introduced by Richard Feynman to illustrate and derive the behavior of relativistic quantum particles, particularly the Dirac equation in one spatial dimension.
-
E.
Feynman diagrams
Feynman diagrams are graphical representations used in quantum field theory to visualize and calculate particle interactions and processes.
- F. None of above.
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
Provenance (3 batches)
The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.
| Step | Stage | Batch ID | Status | When |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| creating | Elicitation | batch_69a2521e35c08190b28e5c9f1e3c9b59 |
completed | Feb. 28, 2026, 2:25 a.m. |
| NER | Named-entity recognition | batch_69a257ea7eac8190884a53453a9e0dd6 |
completed | Feb. 28, 2026, 2:50 a.m. |
| NED1 | Entity disambiguation (via context triple) | batch_69a2bf69fd2081908df35ea5ade4307c |
completed | Feb. 28, 2026, 10:11 a.m. |
Created at: Feb. 28, 2026, 2:31 a.m.