Triple

T14341824
Position Surface form Disambiguated ID Type / Status
Subject Benjamin C. Pierce E355622 entity
Predicate knownFor P22 FINISHED
Object textbook "Types and Programming Languages"
"Types and Programming Languages" is a widely used foundational textbook in computer science that systematically introduces type systems and their role in the design and analysis of programming languages.
E1093136 NE FINISHED

How this triple was built (4 steps)

Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.

NER Named-entity recognition gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: textbook "Types and Programming Languages" | Statement: [Benjamin C. Pierce, knownFor, textbook "Types and Programming Languages"]
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: textbook "Types and Programming Languages"
Context triple: [Benjamin C. Pierce, knownFor, textbook "Types and Programming Languages"]
  • A. Compilers: Principles, Techniques, and Tools
    Compilers: Principles, Techniques, and Tools is a foundational computer science textbook that systematically covers the theory and practice of compiler design and implementation.
  • B. CLtL (Common Lisp the Language) book
    CLtL (Common Lisp the Language) is a foundational reference book that defines and explains the Common Lisp programming language.
  • C. A Discipline of Programming
    A Discipline of Programming is a seminal 1976 book by Edsger W. Dijkstra that rigorously develops program construction using formal mathematical reasoning and correctness proofs.
  • D. Structure and Interpretation of Computer Programs
    Structure and Interpretation of Computer Programs is a seminal computer science textbook by Harold Abelson and Gerald Jay Sussman that uses the Scheme language to teach fundamental principles of programming and software design.
  • E. "Introduction to Automata Theory, Languages, and Computation"
    "Introduction to Automata Theory, Languages, and Computation" is a foundational textbook in theoretical computer science that systematically develops the theory of automata, formal languages, and computational complexity.
  • F. None of above. chosen
  • G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NEDg Description generation gpt-5.1
Instruction
Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. 
You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. 
# Instructions
Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. 
Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential.
# Response Format
Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"
Input
Entity: textbook "Types and Programming Languages"
Triple: [Benjamin C. Pierce, knownFor, textbook "Types and Programming Languages"]
Generated description
"Types and Programming Languages" is a widely used foundational textbook in computer science that systematically introduces type systems and their role in the design and analysis of programming languages.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: textbook "Types and Programming Languages"
Target entity description: "Types and Programming Languages" is a widely used foundational textbook in computer science that systematically introduces type systems and their role in the design and analysis of programming languages.
  • A. Compilers: Principles, Techniques, and Tools
    Compilers: Principles, Techniques, and Tools is a foundational computer science textbook that systematically covers the theory and practice of compiler design and implementation.
  • B. CLtL (Common Lisp the Language) book
    CLtL (Common Lisp the Language) is a foundational reference book that defines and explains the Common Lisp programming language.
  • C. A Discipline of Programming
    A Discipline of Programming is a seminal 1976 book by Edsger W. Dijkstra that rigorously develops program construction using formal mathematical reasoning and correctness proofs.
  • D. Structure and Interpretation of Computer Programs
    Structure and Interpretation of Computer Programs is a seminal computer science textbook by Harold Abelson and Gerald Jay Sussman that uses the Scheme language to teach fundamental principles of programming and software design.
  • E. "Introduction to Automata Theory, Languages, and Computation"
    "Introduction to Automata Theory, Languages, and Computation" is a foundational textbook in theoretical computer science that systematically develops the theory of automata, formal languages, and computational complexity.
  • F. None of above. chosen

Provenance (5 batches)

The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.

Step Stage Batch ID Status When
creating Elicitation batch_69d8278fa2108190bc0d0e7939c1eb03 completed April 9, 2026, 10:26 p.m.
NER Named-entity recognition batch_69de8e87febc8190a63c668cbd0fd713 completed April 14, 2026, 6:59 p.m.
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) batch_69fd469bc538819099ed5b7061cf140d completed May 8, 2026, 2:12 a.m.
NEDg Description generation batch_69fd477d0dd4819084116b385077324c completed May 8, 2026, 2:16 a.m.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) batch_69fd4828f44c81908903d1391c83cc60 completed May 8, 2026, 2:19 a.m.
Created at: April 10, 2026, 1:14 a.m.