Triple

T14187050
Position Surface form Disambiguated ID Type / Status
Subject Suzuki coupling E351603 entity
Predicate relatedReaction P82471 FINISHED
Object Kumada coupling
Kumada coupling is a palladium- or nickel-catalyzed cross-coupling reaction between Grignard reagents and organic halides used to form carbon–carbon bonds in organic synthesis.
 E1088766 NE FINISHED

How this triple was built (4 steps)

Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.

NER Named-entity recognition gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: Kumada coupling | Statement: [Suzuki coupling, relatedReaction, Kumada coupling]
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07 
Target entity: Kumada coupling
Context triple: [Suzuki coupling, relatedReaction, Kumada coupling]
  • A. Suzuki coupling
    Suzuki coupling is a widely used palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling reaction that forms carbon–carbon bonds between organoboron compounds and organic halides, fundamental in organic synthesis and pharmaceutical chemistry.
  • B. Negishi coupling
    Negishi coupling is a palladium- or nickel-catalyzed cross-coupling reaction that forms carbon–carbon bonds between organozinc reagents and organic halides, widely used in organic synthesis.
  • C. Buchwald–Hartwig amination
    The Buchwald–Hartwig amination is a palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling reaction that forms carbon–nitrogen bonds by coupling aryl (or vinyl) halides with amines, widely used in the synthesis of pharmaceuticals and fine chemicals.
  • D. Heck reaction
    The Heck reaction is a palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling between alkenes and aryl or vinyl halides, widely used in organic synthesis to form carbon–carbon bonds.
  • E. Williamson construction
    Williamson construction is a classical combinatorial method for building large Hadamard matrices from smaller symmetric matrices with special algebraic properties.
  • F. None of above. chosen
  • G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NEDg Description generation gpt-5.1
Instruction
Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. 
You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. 
# Instructions
Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. 
Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential.
# Response Format
Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"
Input
Entity: Kumada coupling
Triple: [Suzuki coupling, relatedReaction, Kumada coupling]
Generated description
Kumada coupling is a palladium- or nickel-catalyzed cross-coupling reaction between Grignard reagents and organic halides used to form carbon–carbon bonds in organic synthesis.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07 
Target entity: Kumada coupling
Target entity description: Kumada coupling is a palladium- or nickel-catalyzed cross-coupling reaction between Grignard reagents and organic halides used to form carbon–carbon bonds in organic synthesis.
  • A. Suzuki coupling
    Suzuki coupling is a widely used palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling reaction that forms carbon–carbon bonds between organoboron compounds and organic halides, fundamental in organic synthesis and pharmaceutical chemistry.
  • B. Negishi coupling
    Negishi coupling is a palladium- or nickel-catalyzed cross-coupling reaction that forms carbon–carbon bonds between organozinc reagents and organic halides, widely used in organic synthesis.
  • C. Buchwald–Hartwig amination
    The Buchwald–Hartwig amination is a palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling reaction that forms carbon–nitrogen bonds by coupling aryl (or vinyl) halides with amines, widely used in the synthesis of pharmaceuticals and fine chemicals.
  • D. Heck reaction
    The Heck reaction is a palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling between alkenes and aryl or vinyl halides, widely used in organic synthesis to form carbon–carbon bonds.
  • E. Williamson construction
    Williamson construction is a classical combinatorial method for building large Hadamard matrices from smaller symmetric matrices with special algebraic properties.
  • F. None of above. chosen

Provenance (5 batches)

The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.

Step Stage Batch ID Status When
creating Elicitation batch_69d8278834a08190b0f1784e58d7b99c completed April 9, 2026, 10:26 p.m.
NER Named-entity recognition batch_69de61cd5778819092a03597bcdcc182 completed April 14, 2026, 3:48 p.m.
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) batch_69fd32497780819092e2d2ffe2a9dcaf completed May 8, 2026, 12:46 a.m.
NEDg Description generation batch_69fd331562308190a0a2dfcc4a0d26a0 completed May 8, 2026, 12:49 a.m.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) batch_69fd338f13dc8190b264534ed9a78cb5 completed May 8, 2026, 12:51 a.m.
Created at: April 10, 2026, 1:03 a.m.