Triple

T14087990
Position Surface form Disambiguated ID Type / Status
Subject Ryogo Kubo E339046 entity
Predicate notableConcept P201 FINISHED
Object Kubo linear response theory
Kubo linear response theory is a fundamental framework in statistical physics that relates a system’s response to external perturbations to its equilibrium fluctuations via correlation functions.
E1080372 NE FINISHED

How this triple was built (4 steps)

Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.

NER Named-entity recognition gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: Kubo linear response theory | Statement: [Ryogo Kubo, notableConcept, Kubo linear response theory]
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Kubo linear response theory
Context triple: [Ryogo Kubo, notableConcept, Kubo linear response theory]
  • A. Kubo-Greenwood formula for conductivity
    The Kubo-Greenwood formula for conductivity is a quantum-mechanical expression that relates a material’s electrical conductivity to its electronic states and transition probabilities, widely used to compute transport properties from first-principles calculations.
  • B. Kramers–Kronig relations
    The Kramers–Kronig relations are fundamental mathematical formulas in physics that connect the real and imaginary parts of a complex response function, expressing how causality constrains the frequency-dependent behavior of physical systems.
  • C. Eliashberg theory
    Eliashberg theory is an extension of BCS superconductivity that incorporates strong-coupling and frequency-dependent effects to more accurately describe real superconducting materials.
  • D. Landauer–Büttiker formalism
    The Landauer–Büttiker formalism is a theoretical framework in mesoscopic physics that describes electrical conductance in terms of quantum transmission of electrons through scattering channels.
  • E. Luttinger liquid theory
    Luttinger liquid theory is a framework describing the collective, non-Fermi-liquid behavior of interacting electrons in one-dimensional conductors, where excitations are best understood as bosonic density waves rather than quasiparticles.
  • F. None of above. chosen
  • G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NEDg Description generation gpt-5.1
Instruction
Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. 
You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. 
# Instructions
Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. 
Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential.
# Response Format
Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"
Input
Entity: Kubo linear response theory
Triple: [Ryogo Kubo, notableConcept, Kubo linear response theory]
Generated description
Kubo linear response theory is a fundamental framework in statistical physics that relates a system’s response to external perturbations to its equilibrium fluctuations via correlation functions.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Kubo linear response theory
Target entity description: Kubo linear response theory is a fundamental framework in statistical physics that relates a system’s response to external perturbations to its equilibrium fluctuations via correlation functions.
  • A. Kubo-Greenwood formula for conductivity
    The Kubo-Greenwood formula for conductivity is a quantum-mechanical expression that relates a material’s electrical conductivity to its electronic states and transition probabilities, widely used to compute transport properties from first-principles calculations.
  • B. Kramers–Kronig relations
    The Kramers–Kronig relations are fundamental mathematical formulas in physics that connect the real and imaginary parts of a complex response function, expressing how causality constrains the frequency-dependent behavior of physical systems.
  • C. Eliashberg theory
    Eliashberg theory is an extension of BCS superconductivity that incorporates strong-coupling and frequency-dependent effects to more accurately describe real superconducting materials.
  • D. Landauer–Büttiker formalism
    The Landauer–Büttiker formalism is a theoretical framework in mesoscopic physics that describes electrical conductance in terms of quantum transmission of electrons through scattering channels.
  • E. Luttinger liquid theory
    Luttinger liquid theory is a framework describing the collective, non-Fermi-liquid behavior of interacting electrons in one-dimensional conductors, where excitations are best understood as bosonic density waves rather than quasiparticles.
  • F. None of above. chosen

Provenance (5 batches)

The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.

Step Stage Batch ID Status When
creating Elicitation batch_69d81c687b0c819087fd9ed4198403f8 completed April 9, 2026, 9:38 p.m.
NER Named-entity recognition batch_69de5ee1ce88819091c983286289337e completed April 14, 2026, 3:36 p.m.
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) batch_69fcd0a5c9948190805c2e687c8809ff completed May 7, 2026, 5:49 p.m.
NEDg Description generation batch_69fcd56da6408190bdbce6581c51d065 completed May 7, 2026, 6:09 p.m.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) batch_69fcd5f8266081909ff9148a77d63ea8 completed May 7, 2026, 6:12 p.m.
Created at: April 9, 2026, 10:21 p.m.