Triple

T13912968
Position Surface form Disambiguated ID Type / Status
Subject Landau–Pomeranchuk–Migdal effect E334544 entity
Predicate relatedConcept P37 FINISHED
Object Bethe–Heitler cross section E416995 NE FINISHED

How this triple was built (2 steps)

Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.

NER Named-entity recognition gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: Bethe–Heitler cross section | Statement: [Landau–Pomeranchuk–Migdal effect, relatedConcept, Bethe–Heitler cross section]
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07 
Target entity: Bethe–Heitler cross section
Context triple: [Landau–Pomeranchuk–Migdal effect, relatedConcept, Bethe–Heitler cross section]
  • A. Klein–Nishina formula
    The Klein–Nishina formula is a fundamental result in quantum electrodynamics that gives the differential cross section for Compton scattering of photons by free electrons, incorporating relativistic and quantum effects.
  • B. Thomson cross section
    The Thomson cross section is a fundamental physical constant that quantifies the effective area for low-energy (classical) scattering of electromagnetic radiation by a free charged particle, typically an electron.
  • C. Bethe formula for stopping power
    The Bethe formula for stopping power is a fundamental equation in particle physics that quantifies the energy loss of fast charged particles as they pass through matter.
  • D. Bhabha scattering
    Bhabha scattering is the quantum electrodynamics process describing electron–positron scattering, fundamental for testing QED and measuring collider luminosities.
  • E. Bremsstrahlung chosen
    Bremsstrahlung is electromagnetic radiation emitted when charged particles, such as electrons, are decelerated or deflected by the electric fields of atomic nuclei.
  • F. None of above.
  • G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.

Provenance (3 batches)

The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.

Step Stage Batch ID Status When
creating Elicitation batch_69d81c5eaa9c819083b1ff8689179565 completed April 9, 2026, 9:38 p.m.
NER Named-entity recognition batch_69de27245c648190b2946845ce0fdbf8 completed April 14, 2026, 11:38 a.m.
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) batch_69f7c72a345481908f8552bca7bb1a5a completed May 3, 2026, 10:07 p.m.
Created at: April 9, 2026, 10:16 p.m.