Triple

T13809666
Position Surface form Disambiguated ID Type / Status
Subject Arkady Migdal E331852 entity
Predicate knownFor P22 FINISHED
Object Migdal–Watson approach to final-state interactions
The Migdal–Watson approach to final-state interactions is a theoretical method in nuclear and particle physics that factors strong interaction effects into scattering amplitudes to describe how particles interact after the primary reaction has occurred.
E1062837 NE FINISHED

How this triple was built (4 steps)

Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.

NER Named-entity recognition gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: Migdal–Watson approach to final-state interactions | Statement: [Arkady Migdal, knownFor, Migdal–Watson approach to final-state interactions]
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Migdal–Watson approach to final-state interactions
Context triple: [Arkady Migdal, knownFor, Migdal–Watson approach to final-state interactions]
  • A. Born approximation in scattering theory
    The Born approximation in scattering theory is a perturbative method used in quantum mechanics to approximate scattering amplitudes by treating the interaction potential as a small perturbation to a free-particle wave.
  • B. Lippmann–Schwinger equation
    The Lippmann–Schwinger equation is an integral equation in quantum scattering theory that reformulates the Schrödinger equation to describe how incoming waves are transformed into scattered waves by a potential.
  • C. The Photoproduction of Positive and Negative Pions in Hydrogen and Deuterium
    "The Photoproduction of Positive and Negative Pions in Hydrogen and Deuterium" is Martin Perl’s doctoral thesis, an experimental particle physics study of how high-energy photons produce charged pions when interacting with hydrogen and deuterium targets.
  • D. Yukawa meson theory
    Yukawa meson theory is an early quantum field theory that models the strong nuclear force as being mediated by massive mesons, introducing the concept of a short-range Yukawa potential between nucleons.
  • E. Sakata model of hadrons
    The Sakata model of hadrons is an early composite model in particle physics that treated hadrons as bound states of a few fundamental baryons, serving as a precursor to the quark model.
  • F. None of above. chosen
  • G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NEDg Description generation gpt-5.1
Instruction
Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. 
You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. 
# Instructions
Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. 
Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential.
# Response Format
Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"
Input
Entity: Migdal–Watson approach to final-state interactions
Triple: [Arkady Migdal, knownFor, Migdal–Watson approach to final-state interactions]
Generated description
The Migdal–Watson approach to final-state interactions is a theoretical method in nuclear and particle physics that factors strong interaction effects into scattering amplitudes to describe how particles interact after the primary reaction has occurred.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Migdal–Watson approach to final-state interactions
Target entity description: The Migdal–Watson approach to final-state interactions is a theoretical method in nuclear and particle physics that factors strong interaction effects into scattering amplitudes to describe how particles interact after the primary reaction has occurred.
  • A. Born approximation in scattering theory
    The Born approximation in scattering theory is a perturbative method used in quantum mechanics to approximate scattering amplitudes by treating the interaction potential as a small perturbation to a free-particle wave.
  • B. Lippmann–Schwinger equation
    The Lippmann–Schwinger equation is an integral equation in quantum scattering theory that reformulates the Schrödinger equation to describe how incoming waves are transformed into scattered waves by a potential.
  • C. The Photoproduction of Positive and Negative Pions in Hydrogen and Deuterium
    "The Photoproduction of Positive and Negative Pions in Hydrogen and Deuterium" is Martin Perl’s doctoral thesis, an experimental particle physics study of how high-energy photons produce charged pions when interacting with hydrogen and deuterium targets.
  • D. Yukawa meson theory
    Yukawa meson theory is an early quantum field theory that models the strong nuclear force as being mediated by massive mesons, introducing the concept of a short-range Yukawa potential between nucleons.
  • E. Sakata model of hadrons
    The Sakata model of hadrons is an early composite model in particle physics that treated hadrons as bound states of a few fundamental baryons, serving as a precursor to the quark model.
  • F. None of above. chosen

Provenance (5 batches)

The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.

Step Stage Batch ID Status When
creating Elicitation batch_69d81c59f8808190a851bc56afdc55e9 completed April 9, 2026, 9:38 p.m.
NER Named-entity recognition batch_69de026ff6b481908066d6bf27064417 completed April 14, 2026, 9:01 a.m.
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) batch_69f7b08fbc348190a199c5d92e0e46be completed May 3, 2026, 8:31 p.m.
NEDg Description generation batch_69f7b15143108190a49a09afba93eb45 completed May 3, 2026, 8:34 p.m.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) batch_69f7b50c31ac81909b17013d57dda164 completed May 3, 2026, 8:50 p.m.
Created at: April 9, 2026, 10:12 p.m.