Triple

T1374054
Position Surface form Disambiguated ID Type / Status
Subject Bruno Rossi E30178 entity
Predicate hasPublication P80 FINISHED
Object Cosmic Rays (book)
Cosmic Rays is a seminal 1964 monograph by physicist Bruno Rossi that systematically presents the experimental study and fundamental physics of high-energy particles from outer space.
 E158160 NE FINISHED

How this triple was built (4 steps)

Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.

NER Named-entity recognition gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: Cosmic Rays (book) | Statement: [Bruno Rossi, hasPublication, Cosmic Rays (book)]
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07 
Target entity: Cosmic Rays (book)
Context triple: [Bruno Rossi, hasPublication, Cosmic Rays (book)]
  • A. Cosmic Apprentice: Dispatches from the Edges of Science
    Cosmic Apprentice: Dispatches from the Edges of Science is a collection of essays by science writer Dorion Sagan that explores cutting-edge ideas in science, philosophy, and culture through an accessible, speculative lens.
  • B. The Restless Universe
    The Restless Universe is a popular science book by physicist Max Born that explains modern physics and quantum theory to a general audience in clear, accessible language.
  • C. The Currents of Space
    The Currents of Space is a science fiction novel by Isaac Asimov set in his Galactic Empire universe, exploring political intrigue, planetary exploitation, and social stratification on a distant world.
  • D. Bird of Passage: Recollections of a Physicist
    "Bird of Passage: Recollections of a Physicist" is the autobiography of theoretical physicist Rudolf Peierls, chronicling his life, scientific contributions, and experiences within the 20th-century physics community.
  • E. Essai de cosmologie
    Essai de cosmologie is an 18th-century philosophical and scientific treatise by Pierre-Louis Moreau de Maupertuis that explores the structure and origins of the universe within the framework of early Enlightenment cosmology.
  • F. None of above. chosen
  • G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NEDg Description generation gpt-5.1
Instruction
Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. 
You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. 
# Instructions
Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. 
Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential.
# Response Format
Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"
Input
Entity: Cosmic Rays (book)
Triple: [Bruno Rossi, hasPublication, Cosmic Rays (book)]
Generated description
Cosmic Rays is a seminal 1964 monograph by physicist Bruno Rossi that systematically presents the experimental study and fundamental physics of high-energy particles from outer space.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07 
Target entity: Cosmic Rays (book)
Target entity description: Cosmic Rays is a seminal 1964 monograph by physicist Bruno Rossi that systematically presents the experimental study and fundamental physics of high-energy particles from outer space.
  • A. Cosmic Apprentice: Dispatches from the Edges of Science
    Cosmic Apprentice: Dispatches from the Edges of Science is a collection of essays by science writer Dorion Sagan that explores cutting-edge ideas in science, philosophy, and culture through an accessible, speculative lens.
  • B. The Restless Universe
    The Restless Universe is a popular science book by physicist Max Born that explains modern physics and quantum theory to a general audience in clear, accessible language.
  • C. The Currents of Space
    The Currents of Space is a science fiction novel by Isaac Asimov set in his Galactic Empire universe, exploring political intrigue, planetary exploitation, and social stratification on a distant world.
  • D. Bird of Passage: Recollections of a Physicist
    "Bird of Passage: Recollections of a Physicist" is the autobiography of theoretical physicist Rudolf Peierls, chronicling his life, scientific contributions, and experiences within the 20th-century physics community.
  • E. Essai de cosmologie
    Essai de cosmologie is an 18th-century philosophical and scientific treatise by Pierre-Louis Moreau de Maupertuis that explores the structure and origins of the universe within the framework of early Enlightenment cosmology.
  • F. None of above. chosen

Provenance (5 batches)

The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.

Step Stage Batch ID Status When
creating Elicitation batch_69a498f912008190a376a98b207b2071 completed March 1, 2026, 7:52 p.m.
NER Named-entity recognition batch_69a4c2f660888190bc9240e0dc4f0aa3 completed March 1, 2026, 10:51 p.m.
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) batch_69acd48397c88190b5be985bf92d47b8 completed March 8, 2026, 1:44 a.m.
NEDg Description generation batch_69acd4efb73881908dda4973befc6aa5 completed March 8, 2026, 1:46 a.m.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) batch_69acd56ef0b081909df2efee97a4197c completed March 8, 2026, 1:48 a.m.
Created at: March 1, 2026, 7:57 p.m.