Triple

T13686403
Position Surface form Disambiguated ID Type / Status
Subject Claude Cohen-Tannoudji E328138 entity
Predicate hasWritten P2831 FINISHED
Object Atom–Photon Interactions: Basic Processes and Applications
Atom–Photon Interactions: Basic Processes and Applications is a comprehensive advanced physics textbook that systematically develops the quantum theory of light–matter interaction and its applications in areas such as laser physics, spectroscopy, and quantum optics.
E1054404 NE FINISHED

How this triple was built (4 steps)

Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.

NER Named-entity recognition gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: Atom–Photon Interactions: Basic Processes and Applications | Statement: [Claude Cohen-Tannoudji, hasWritten, Atom–Photon Interactions: Basic Processes and Applications]
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Atom–Photon Interactions: Basic Processes and Applications
Context triple: [Claude Cohen-Tannoudji, hasWritten, Atom–Photon Interactions: Basic Processes and Applications]
  • A. Hanbury Brown and Twiss effect
    The Hanbury Brown and Twiss effect is a quantum optical phenomenon in which correlations in the arrival times of identical particles, such as photons, reveal their underlying statistical and coherence properties.
  • B. Jaynes–Cummings model
    The Jaynes–Cummings model is a fundamental quantum optics model describing the interaction between a two-level atom and a single mode of the quantized electromagnetic field, widely used to study light–matter coupling and cavity quantum electrodynamics.
  • C. Dicke superradiance
    Dicke superradiance is a quantum optical phenomenon in which a group of closely spaced excited atoms emit light cooperatively, producing an intense, short burst of radiation much stronger than the sum of their independent emissions.
  • D. Rydberg atoms
    Rydberg atoms are highly excited atoms with one or more electrons in very high principal quantum number states, exhibiting exaggerated atomic properties and strong sensitivity to external fields.
  • E. Glauber coherent states
    Glauber coherent states are quantum states of the electromagnetic field that most closely resemble classical light waves and form the foundation of quantum optics.
  • F. None of above. chosen
  • G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NEDg Description generation gpt-5.1
Instruction
Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. 
You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. 
# Instructions
Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. 
Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential.
# Response Format
Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"
Input
Entity: Atom–Photon Interactions: Basic Processes and Applications
Triple: [Claude Cohen-Tannoudji, hasWritten, Atom–Photon Interactions: Basic Processes and Applications]
Generated description
Atom–Photon Interactions: Basic Processes and Applications is a comprehensive advanced physics textbook that systematically develops the quantum theory of light–matter interaction and its applications in areas such as laser physics, spectroscopy, and quantum optics.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Atom–Photon Interactions: Basic Processes and Applications
Target entity description: Atom–Photon Interactions: Basic Processes and Applications is a comprehensive advanced physics textbook that systematically develops the quantum theory of light–matter interaction and its applications in areas such as laser physics, spectroscopy, and quantum optics.
  • A. Hanbury Brown and Twiss effect
    The Hanbury Brown and Twiss effect is a quantum optical phenomenon in which correlations in the arrival times of identical particles, such as photons, reveal their underlying statistical and coherence properties.
  • B. Jaynes–Cummings model
    The Jaynes–Cummings model is a fundamental quantum optics model describing the interaction between a two-level atom and a single mode of the quantized electromagnetic field, widely used to study light–matter coupling and cavity quantum electrodynamics.
  • C. Dicke superradiance
    Dicke superradiance is a quantum optical phenomenon in which a group of closely spaced excited atoms emit light cooperatively, producing an intense, short burst of radiation much stronger than the sum of their independent emissions.
  • D. Rydberg atoms
    Rydberg atoms are highly excited atoms with one or more electrons in very high principal quantum number states, exhibiting exaggerated atomic properties and strong sensitivity to external fields.
  • E. Glauber coherent states
    Glauber coherent states are quantum states of the electromagnetic field that most closely resemble classical light waves and form the foundation of quantum optics.
  • F. None of above. chosen

Provenance (5 batches)

The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.

Step Stage Batch ID Status When
creating Elicitation batch_69d8076f1fa8819094664a59b55010df completed April 9, 2026, 8:09 p.m.
NER Named-entity recognition batch_69dbc670968881908e2b4fdf656c7285 completed April 12, 2026, 4:21 p.m.
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) batch_69f7944981ec8190be5ff39b7c2c70ab completed May 3, 2026, 6:30 p.m.
NEDg Description generation batch_69f795e361c48190b37060312e7df181 completed May 3, 2026, 6:37 p.m.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) batch_69f796e5c60c8190a19389bc4cdbd658 completed May 3, 2026, 6:41 p.m.
Created at: April 9, 2026, 9:53 p.m.